623 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
623 lines
13 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "3a9c129c",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Dictionnaire en Python\n",
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"\n",
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"## Construction d'un mémo sur les dictionnaires\n",
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"\n",
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"Cette partie à pour but de vous faire découvrir les dictionnaires. Vous devez vous constituer un mémo des commandes pour les manipuler.\n",
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"\n",
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"On a déjà vu que l'on pouvait stocker plusieurs informations dans une `list` ou un `tuple`."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"id": "d76bb1c8",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"info_perso = (\"Bob\", \n",
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" \"Lacanaille\",\n",
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" 2, \n",
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" \"0637382716\",\n",
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" \"1 rue de la boutifaille\",\n",
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" \"01000\",\n",
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" )"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "f801055d",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Pour accéder au nom de cette personne, on peut alors faire"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"id": "8521c91b",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Lacanaille'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"info_perso[1]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "80409f49",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Ça marche mais ce n'est pas très explicite. Ce n'est pas très clair quelle élément est le nom, le prénom, si le 2 est l'age ou autre chose.\n",
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"\n",
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"Il existe une stucture de données appellée `tuple nommé` dans laquelle les clés ne sont pas des nombres (0 à 5 ici) mais des chaines de caractères ou d'autres types. En python, ces tuples nommés sont appellé `dictionnaires`.\n",
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"\n",
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"1. Compléter le dictionnaire ci-dessous pour ajouter les informations sur Bob Lacanaille."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"id": "ab63d16c",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"info_perso = {\n",
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" \"prenom\": \"Bob\", \n",
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" \"nom\": \"Lacanaille\",\n",
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" \"age\": 2,\n",
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" \n",
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"}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "043de027",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"`info_perso` est bien un dictionnaire"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"id": "970c028a",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"dict"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"type(info_perso)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "de3f48c3",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Pour accéder aux valeurs, il faut maintenant indiqué la clé de l'information recherchée"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"id": "00b292e8",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Lacanaille'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"info_perso[\"nom\"]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "88acf0ee",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"2. Quelles sont les clés du dictionnaire `info_perso`?"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "raw",
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"id": "c29b2e1a",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "d310f5ba",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"3. Comment accéder à l'age? Au code postal."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "f9799858",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "6f975598",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Les dictionnaires sont dits `mutables` c'est à dire que l'on peut les modifier.\n",
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"\n",
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"On peut modifier les valeurs associées aux clés"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"id": "a40058b0",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"{'prenom': 'Bob', 'nom': 'Lessage', 'age': 10}\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"info_perso[\"nom\"] = \"Lessage\"\n",
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"info_perso[\"age\"] = 10\n",
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"print(info_perso)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "037e117b",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Ou ajouter des nouvelles clés"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 10,
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"id": "694daacb",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"{'prenom': 'Bob', 'nom': 'Lessage', 'age': 10, 'yeux': 'bleu', 'lieu de naissance': 'Ile perdue'}\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"info_perso[\"yeux\"] = \"bleu\"\n",
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"info_perso[\"lieu de naissance\"] = \"Ile perdue\"\n",
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"print(info_perso)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "ad8d985c",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"4. Construire un dictionnaire sur le contenu d'un panier que l'on stockera dans la variable `panier`.\n",
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"\n",
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"| Contenu | Quantité |\n",
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"|-----------|----------|\n",
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"| Poires | 20 |\n",
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"| Pommes | 10 |\n",
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"| Orange | 12 |\n",
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"| Mots doux | 2 |\n",
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"| Gateaux | 0 |"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "efd7013c",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "fe33e112",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"5. Ajouter dans ce panier 5 champignons et 2 épis de maïs."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "76f4d571",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "4407a25c",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"`len` permet d'avoir le nombre d'éléments dans un dictionnaire.\n",
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"\n",
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"6. Calculer la longueur des dictionnaires `info_perso` et `panier`"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "5148ffb2",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "e7bf0d24",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Il y a plusieurs façon de faire des boucles sur les dictionnaires"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 22,
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"id": "47568544",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"----\n",
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"prenom\n",
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"Bob\n",
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"----\n",
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"nom\n",
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"Lessage\n",
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"----\n",
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"age\n",
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"10\n",
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"----\n",
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"yeux\n",
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"bleu\n",
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"----\n",
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"lieu de naissance\n",
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"Ile perdue\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"for cle in info_perso:\n",
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" print(\"----\")\n",
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" print(cle)\n",
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" print(info_perso[cle])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 20,
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"id": "5df06b20",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"----\n",
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"prenom\n",
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"Bob\n",
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"----\n",
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"nom\n",
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"Lessage\n",
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"----\n",
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"age\n",
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"10\n",
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"----\n",
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"yeux\n",
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"bleu\n",
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"----\n",
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"lieu de naissance\n",
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"Ile perdue\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"for cle, valeur in info_perso.items():\n",
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" print(\"----\")\n",
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" print(cle)\n",
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" print(valeur)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 21,
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"id": "7be1fbef",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Bob\n",
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"Lessage\n",
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"10\n",
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"bleu\n",
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"Ile perdue\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
|
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"for valeur in info_perso.values():\n",
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" print(valeur)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "2bf475ba",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"7. Faire une boucle sur `panier` pour afficher un texte du type\n",
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"\n",
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" Dans mon panier, il y 4 carrotes\n",
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" \n",
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"pour tout ce qui se trouve dans le panier."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "0895e2e9",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "6cb53a9f",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Voici les prix à l'unité des aliments qui ont été mis dans le panier.\n",
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"\n",
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"| Contenu | Prix |\n",
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"|-----------|------|\n",
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"| Poires | 2 |\n",
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"| Pommes | 1 |\n",
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"| Orange | 5 |\n",
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"| Mots doux | 0 |\n",
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"| Gateaux | 10 |\n",
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"| Champignons | 1 |\n",
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"| Mais | 15 |\n",
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"\n",
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"8. Mettre les prix dans un dictionnaire puis calculer le prix de mon panier."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"id": "5d2c3b52",
|
|
"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "6f0a1e25",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Temps d'accès à un élément\n",
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"\n",
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"Dans cette partie, on compare le temps d'accès à un élément entre une `liste` et un `dictionnaire`."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "2edee797",
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|
"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"1. On construit 5 dictionnaires avec 10, 100, 1000, 10000 et 100000 clés"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 29,
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"id": "5d889ef3",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"tailles = [10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000]\n",
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"dictionnaires = {}\n",
|
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"for taille in tailles:\n",
|
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" dictionnaires[taille] = {i: i for i in range(taille)}"
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]
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},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "755895e1",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
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"source": [
|
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"2. On va calculer le temps pour accéder à un élément aléatoirement dans chaque liste."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 30,
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|
"id": "98870503",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
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"source": [
|
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"from time import time\n",
|
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"from random import randint"
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]
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},
|
|
{
|
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"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": 31,
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|
"id": "8cd70e84",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"[9.059906005859375e-07, 7.62939453125e-07, 1.1920928955078125e-06, 1.3828277587890625e-06, 1.52587890625e-06]\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
|
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"moyennes = []\n",
|
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"nb_essais = 5\n",
|
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"for taille in tailles:\n",
|
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" le_dictionnaire = dictionnaires[taille]\n",
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" temps = []\n",
|
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" for i in range(nb_essais):\n",
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" pos = randint(0, taille-1)\n",
|
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" start = time()\n",
|
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" le_dictionnaire[pos]\n",
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" end = time()\n",
|
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" temps.append(end-start)\n",
|
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" moyennes.append(sum(temps)/nb_essais)\n",
|
|
"print(moyennes)"
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]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "be8d6144",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
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"3. Que peut-on dire sur le temps d'accès à un élément d'un dictionnaire?"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "raw",
|
|
"id": "7c3b0bac",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": []
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "79d9d967",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"4. Faire la même chose pour des listes de taille 10 à 10000 éléments"
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|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": null,
|
|
"id": "685baf07",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"source": []
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},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
"execution_count": null,
|
|
"id": "ba70d29f",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"outputs": [],
|
|
"source": []
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "748a5a0a",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"5. Que peut-on dire sur le temps d'accès à un élément d'une liste"
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "raw",
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"id": "4356fba7",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": []
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},
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{
|
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"cell_type": "markdown",
|
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"id": "5c7b15dc",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
|
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"## Jeu du scabble\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"Dans cette partie, vous allez programmer des fonctions necessaires pour calculer les points au jeu du scrabble.\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"Pour cela, vous devez compléter le fichier `scrabble.py`."
|
|
]
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
"id": "56b04766",
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
"source": [
|
|
"## Casser le chiffrement de César\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"Dans un précédent exercice, vous avez programmer des fonctions qui permettait de chiffrer avec la méthode de César (décalage de l'alphabet).\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"En partant du principe que dans un texte le caractère le plus courant est l'espace, vous aller pouvoir casser ce chiffrement.\n",
|
|
"\n",
|
|
"Pour cela, vous devez compléter le fichier `cesar.py`"
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"metadata": {
|
|
"kernelspec": {
|
|
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
|
|
"language": "python",
|
|
"name": "python3"
|
|
},
|
|
"language_info": {
|
|
"codemirror_mode": {
|
|
"name": "ipython",
|
|
"version": 3
|
|
},
|
|
"file_extension": ".py",
|
|
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
|
"name": "python",
|
|
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
|
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
|
"version": "3.10.10"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"nbformat": 4,
|
|
"nbformat_minor": 5
|
|
}
|