576 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
576 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Statistiques\n",
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"\n",
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"Dans ce TP, vous travaillerez sur des séries statistiques en utilisant Python. \n",
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"\n",
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"Pour stocker une série de nombre en python, on utiliser les listes. Elles sont définies avec des [].\n",
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"\n",
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"La manipulation des listes est expliqué dans [Mémo sur les listes](#Mémo-sur-les-listes). Vous n'avez pas besoin de tout lire pour le moment par contre vous pouvez vous y reféré quand vous aurez besoin.\n",
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"\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Nombre de passagers\n",
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"\n",
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"On a compté le nombre de passagers dans des voitures à la sortie d'un village. Les valeurs ont été rassemblées dans la liste suivante\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 1,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"passagers = [4, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 5, 0, 3, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 4, 3, 2, 3, 5, 2, 5, 4, 1, 2, 1]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"1. Décrire l'étude statistique réalisée"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "raw",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"2. Quelle est l'effectif total de cette série?"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"3. Calculer l'étendu de la série statistique."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"4. Calculer la moyenne."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"5. Calculer la médiane."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Nombre de kilomètre.\n",
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"\n",
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"Cette fois-ci, on a relevé les compteurs kilométriques de voiture sur un parking. Les valeurs ont été enregistrée dans la liste suivante"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Kilomètre au compteur\n",
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"kilometres = [68806, 136429, 67417, 44743, 166108, 63686, 133615,\n",
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" 97402, 131932, 60947, 166706, 194451, 103493, 71308, 69805]\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"1. Décrire l'étude statistique réalisée"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "raw",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"2. Quelle est l'effectif total de cette série?"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"3. Calculer l'étendu de la série statistique."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"4. Calculer la moyenne."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"5. Calculer la médiane."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Ecrire des fonctions\n",
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"\n",
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"Pour pouvoir rendre des lignes de code réutilisables, les programmeurs codent des `fonctions`.\n",
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"\n",
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"Par exemple, voici le code de la fonction `etendu` qui à partir d'une liste (`valeurs`) renvoie (`return`) l'étendu des valeurs de la liste."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def etendu(valeurs):\n",
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" return max(valeurs) - min(valeurs)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"L'avantage de programmer de cette façon est de pouvoir oublier la façon dont on calcule l'étendu mais de pouvoir la calculer.\n",
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"\n",
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"Par exemple pour calculer l'étendu du nombre de passagers, on écrira"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"5"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"etendu(passagers)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"1. Calculer avec la fonction l'étendu des kilomètres."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"2. Compléter la fonction suivante qui calcule la moyenne à partir d'une liste de valeurs."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def moyenne(valeurs):\n",
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" return ..."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"3. Utiliser cette fonction pour calculer la moyenne de passagers puis de kilometres."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"4. Compléter la fonction ci-dessous qui calcule la médiane"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def mediane(valeurs):\n",
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" valeurs_triee = ...\n",
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" effectif_total = ...\n",
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" if ...:\n",
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" return ...\n",
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" else:\n",
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" return ..."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"5. Utiliser cette fonction sur les listes passagers puis kilometres."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Mémo sur les listes\n",
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"\n",
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"Quelques précisions autour de la manipulation des listes avec Python"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"L = [5, 2, 1, 2, 4, 5, 5]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- `max`: valeur maximal de la liste"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"5\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(max(L))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- `min`: valeur minimal de la liste "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"1\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(min(L))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- `len`: calculer le nombre d'éléments dans la liste"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"7\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(len(L))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- `sum`: calculer la somme des éléments de la liste"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"24\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(sum(L))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- `sorted`: trier les éléments de la liste"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"[1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 5, 5]\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(sorted(L))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- Récupérer le i-ième élément de la liste (**/!\\ on commence à compter à partir de 0**)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"5\n",
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"1\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# Le premier élément de la liste\n",
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"print(L[0])\n",
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"# le 3e élément de la liste\n",
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"print(L[2])"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- Compter l'effectif d'une valeur"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"2"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"L.count(2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"- Faire une boucle sur tous les éléments de la liste"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 10,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"5\n",
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"2\n",
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"1\n",
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"2\n",
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"4\n",
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"5\n",
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"5\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"for x in L:\n",
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" print(x)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": []
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.10.9"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 2
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}
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