Mapytex/mapytex/calculus/core/tree.py

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# vim:fenc=utf-8
#
# Copyright © 2017 lafrite <lafrite@Poivre>
#
# Distributed under terms of the MIT license.
"""
Tree class
"""
from .tree_tools import (to_nested_parenthesis,
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postfix_concatenate,
show_tree,
)
from .coroutine import coroutine, STOOOP
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from .str2 import str2
from .operator import OPERATORS
__all__ = ["Tree", "MutableTree"]
class Tree(object):
"""
Binary tree
This is the chosen structure to manage calculus in PyMath.
The class is not mutable to preserve its integrity.
"""
def __init__(self, node, left_value, right_value):
"""
Initiate a tree with tuple (node, (left value, right value))
:example:
>>> t = Tree("+", 1, 2)
>>> t.node
'+'
>>> t.left_value
1
>>> t.right_value
2
"""
if node is None or right_value is None:
raise TypeError("Tree can't have an empty node or an empty right leaf")
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self.node = node
self.left_value = left_value
self.right_value = right_value
@classmethod
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def from_str(cls, expression, convert_to_mo=True):
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""" Initiate a tree from an string expression
:example:
>>> t = Tree.from_str("2+3*4")
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>>> print(t)
+
> 2
> *
| > 3
| > 4
>>> t = Tree.from_str("(2+3)*4")
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>>> print(t)
*
> +
| > 2
| > 3
> 4
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>>> t = Tree.from_str("2+3*n")
>>> print(t)
+
> 2
> *
| > 3
| > n
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"""
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t = MutableTree.from_str(expression, convert_to_mo)
return cls.from_any_tree(t)
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@classmethod
def from_nested_parenthesis(cls, nested_parenthesis):
"""
Initiate recursively a tree with tuple (node, (left value, right value))
:example:
>>> nested_par = ("+", (1, 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.node
'+'
>>> t.left_value
1
>>> t.right_value
2
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.node
'+'
>>> type(t.left_value)
<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.tree.Tree'>
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>>> t.right_value
2
"""
try:
nested_len = len(nested_parenthesis)
num_len = len(nested_parenthesis[1])
except TypeError:
raise ValueError("Nested parenthesis are not composed of lists")
if nested_len != 2 and \
num_len != 2:
raise ValueError("Nested parenthesis don't have right shape")
node = nested_parenthesis[0]
try:
left_value = cls.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_parenthesis[1][0])
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except ValueError:
left_value = nested_parenthesis[1][0]
try:
right_value = cls.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_parenthesis[1][1])
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except ValueError:
right_value = nested_parenthesis[1][1]
return cls(node, left_value, right_value)
@classmethod
def from_list(cls, node, leafs):
""" Initiate a balanced tree with one node and a list of leafs
:param node: node for all node of the tree
:param leafs: list of leafs
:example:
>>> t = Tree.from_list("+", [1, 2])
>>> print(t)
+
> 1
> 2
>>> t = Tree.from_list("+", [1, 2, 3])
>>> print(t)
+
> 1
> +
| > 2
| > 3
>>> t = Tree.from_list("+", [1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> print(t)
+
> +
| > 1
| > 2
> +
| > 3
| > 4
>>> t = Tree.from_list("+", [1, 2])
>>> t2 = Tree.from_list("*", [1, t])
>>> print(t2)
*
> 1
> +
| > 1
| > 2
"""
len_leafs = len(leafs)
if len_leafs < 2:
raise ValueError(f"Not enough leafs. Need at least 2 got {len(leafs)}")
elif len_leafs == 2:
l_value = leafs[0]
r_value = leafs[1]
elif len_leafs == 3:
l_value = leafs[0]
r_value = cls.from_list(node, leafs[1:])
else:
l_value = cls.from_list(node, leafs[:len_leafs//2])
r_value = cls.from_list(node, leafs[len_leafs//2:])
return cls(node, l_value, r_value)
@classmethod
def from_any_tree(cls, tree):
""" Initial a Tree from an other type of tree (except LeafTree)
It also work to initiate MutableTree, AssocialTree or LeafTree from
any tree.
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:example:
>>> t = MutableTree("*", 1, 2)
>>> print(Tree.from_any_tree(t))
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*
> 1
> 2
>>> t1 = MutableTree("*", 1, 2)
>>> t2 = MutableTree("*", t1, 3)
>>> print(Tree.from_any_tree(t2))
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*
> *
| > 1
| > 2
> 3
>>> t = MutableTree("*", 1)
>>> print(t)
*
> 1
> None
>>> Tree.from_any_tree(t)
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Traceback (most recent call last):
...
TypeError: Tree can't have empty node or leaf
>>> tl = LeafTree("/", 1, 4)
>>> t2 = MutableTree("*", tl, 3)
>>> t = Tree.from_any_tree(t2)
>>> type(t)
<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.tree.Tree'>
>>> type(t.left_value)
<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.tree.LeafTree'>
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"""
node = tree.node
left_value = tree.left_value
right_value = tree.right_value
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if node is None or \
left_value is None or \
right_value is None:
raise TypeError("Tree can't have empty node or leaf")
try:
left_value.IMLEAF
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except AttributeError:
try:
l_value = cls.from_any_tree(left_value)
except AttributeError:
l_value = left_value
else:
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l_value = left_value
try:
right_value.IMLEAF
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except AttributeError:
try:
r_value = cls.from_any_tree(right_value)
except AttributeError:
r_value = right_value
else:
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r_value = right_value
return cls(node, l_value, r_value)
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def map_on_leaf(self, function):
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""" Map on leafs a function
:param function: take leaf value returns other value
:returns: Tree with calculated leaf
:example:
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>>> t = Tree.from_str("3*4+2", convert_to_mo=False)
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>>> print(t)
+
> *
| > 3
| > 4
> 2
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>>> print(t.map_on_leaf(lambda x:2*x))
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+
> *
| > 6
| > 8
> 4
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"""
try:
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left_applied = self.left_value.map_on_leaf(function)
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except AttributeError:
left_applied = function(self.left_value)
try:
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right_applied = self.right_value.map_on_leaf(function)
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except AttributeError:
right_applied = function(self.right_value)
return Tree(self.node, left_applied, right_applied)
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def apply_on_last_level(self, function):
""" Apply the function on last level of the tree before leaf
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:param function: (op, a, a) -> b
:returns: b if it is a 1 level Tree, Tree otherwise
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:example:
>>> t = Tree.from_str("3*4+2")
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>>> print(t)
+
> *
| > 3
| > 4
> 2
>>> from .tree_tools import infix_str_concatenate
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>>> tt = t.apply_on_last_level(lambda *x: infix_str_concatenate(*x))
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>>> print(tt)
+
> 3 * 4
> 2
>>> tt = t.apply_on_last_level(lambda n, l, r: eval(str(l) + n + str(r)))
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>>> print(tt)
+
> 12
> 2
>>> ttt = tt.apply_on_last_level(lambda n, l, r: eval(str(l) + n + str(r)))
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>>> print(ttt)
14
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"""
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left_is_leaf = 0
right_is_leaf = 0
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try:
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left_applied = self.left_value.apply_on_last_level(function)
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except AttributeError:
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left_applied = self.left_value
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left_is_leaf = 1
try:
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right_applied = self.right_value.apply_on_last_level(function)
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except AttributeError:
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right_applied = self.right_value
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right_is_leaf = 1
if left_is_leaf and right_is_leaf:
return function(self.node, self.left_value, self.right_value)
else:
return Tree(self.node, left_applied, right_applied)
def apply(self, function):
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""" Apply the function on every node of the tree
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:param function: (op, a, a) -> b
:returns: b
:example:
>>> def to_nested(op, left, right):
... return (op, (left, right))
>>> nested_par = ("+", (1, 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.apply(to_nested)
('+', (1, 2))
>>> assert t.apply(to_nested) == nested_par
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>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.apply(to_nested)
('+', (('*', (3, 4)), 2))
>>> assert t.apply(to_nested) == nested_par
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>>> t.apply(lambda n, l, r: eval(str(l) + n + str(r)))
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14
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"""
try:
left_value = self.left_value.apply(function)
except AttributeError:
left_value = self.left_value
try:
right_value = self.right_value.apply(function)
except AttributeError:
right_value = self.right_value
return function(self.node, left_value, right_value)
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def get_leafs(self, callback=lambda x:x):
""" Generator which yield all the leaf value of the tree.
Callback act on every leaf.
:param callback: function on leaf
:example:
>>> t = Tree.from_str("3+4+5*2")
>>> [l for l in t.get_leafs()]
[<MOnumber 3>, <MOnumber 4>, <MOnumber 5>, <MOnumber 2>]
>>> {type(l) for l in t.get_leafs()}
{<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.MO.mo.MOnumber'>}
"""
try:
yield from self.left_value.get_leafs(callback)
except AttributeError:
yield callback(self.left_value)
try:
yield from self.right_value.get_leafs(callback)
except AttributeError:
yield callback(self.right_value)
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def get_nodes(self, callback=lambda x:x):
""" Generator which yield all nodes of the tree.
Callback act on every nodes.
:param callback: function on node
:example:
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>>> t = Tree.from_str('3*4+2')
>>> [l for l in t.get_nodes()]
['+', '*']
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>>> t = Tree.from_str('3*4+3*4')
>>> [l for l in t.get_nodes()]
['+', '*', '*']
"""
yield self.node
try:
yield from self.left_value.get_nodes(callback)
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
yield from self.right_value.get_nodes(callback)
except AttributeError:
pass
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def depth(self):
""" Return the depth of the tree
:example:
>>> nested_par = ("+", (1, 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.depth()
1
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.depth()
2
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3,
... ("/", (4, 4))
... )),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.depth()
3
"""
try:
l_depth = self.left_value.depth()
except AttributeError:
l_depth = 0
try:
r_depth = self.right_value.depth()
except AttributeError:
r_depth = 0
return 1 + max(l_depth, r_depth)
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def __str__(self):
""" Overload str method
:example:
>>> nested_par = ("+", (1, 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> print(t)
+
> 1
> 2
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> print(t)
+
> *
| > 3
| > 4
> 2
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (1, 2)),
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... ))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> print(t)
+
> *
| > 1
| > 2
> *
| > 3
| > 4
"""
return self.apply(show_tree)
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def to_nested_parenthesis(self):
""" Transform the Tree into its nested parenthesis description
:example:
>>> nested_par = ("+", (1, 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.to_nested_parenthesis()
('+', (1, 2))
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.to_nested_parenthesis()
('+', (('*', (3, 4)), 2))
"""
return self.apply(to_nested_parenthesis)
def to_postfix(self):
""" Transform the Tree into postfix notation
:example:
>>> nested_par = ("+", (1, 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.to_postfix()
[1, 2, '+']
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... 2))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.to_postfix()
[3, 4, '*', 2, '+']
>>> nested_par = ("+", (
... ("*", (3, 4)),
... ("*", (5, 6)),
... ))
>>> t = Tree.from_nested_parenthesis(nested_par)
>>> t.to_postfix()
[3, 4, '*', 5, 6, '*', '+']
"""
return self.apply(postfix_concatenate)
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class MutableTree(Tree):
"""
Mutable Tree.
It is used to build a new tree before fixing it into a Tree
"""
def __init__(self,
node = None,
left_value = None,
right_value = None):
"""
Initiate a tree with potentialy None values
:Example:
>>> t = MutableTree()
>>> t.node, t.left_value, t.right_value
(None, None, None)
>>> t = MutableTree('*', 1)
>>> t.node, t.left_value, t.right_value
('*', 1, None)
"""
self.node = node
self.left_value = left_value
self.right_value = right_value
@classmethod
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def from_str(cls, expression, convert_to_mo=True):
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""" Initiate the MutableTree
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree.from_str("2+3*4")
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>>> print(t)
+
> 2
> *
| > 3
| > 4
>>> t = MutableTree.from_str("(2+3)*4")
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>>> print(t)
*
> +
| > 2
| > 3
> 4
>>> t = MutableTree.from_str("4*(-2+3)")
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>>> print(t)
*
> 4
> +
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| > -2
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| > 3
"""
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str_2_mut_tree = str2(cls.sink, convert_to_mo)
return str_2_mut_tree(expression)
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@classmethod
@coroutine
def sink(cls):
""" Sink which build a build a mutabletree
Returns the built tree when STOOOP is thrown
:example:
>>> sink = MutableTree.sink()
>>> for i in ["1", "+", "2", "*", "3"]:
... sink.send(i)
>>> a = sink.throw(STOOOP)
>>> print(a)
+
> 1
> *
| > 2
| > 3
>>> sink = MutableTree.sink()
>>> for i in ["1", "*", "2", "+", "3"]:
... sink.send(i)
>>> a = sink.throw(STOOOP)
>>> print(a)
+
> *
| > 1
| > 2
> 3
>>> sink = MutableTree.sink()
>>> for i in ["-", "1", "+", "2"]:
... sink.send(i)
>>> a = sink.throw(STOOOP)
>>> print(a)
+
> -
| > None
| > 1
> 2
"""
ans = cls()
try:
while True:
c = yield
if c is not None:
if c in OPERATORS.keys():
try:
ans.set_node(c)
except ValueError:
if OPERATORS[c]["precedence"] > OPERATORS[ans.node]["precedence"]:
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ans.append_bot(c)
else:
ans.append_top(c)
else:
ans.append(c)
except STOOOP:
yield ans
def set_node(self, value):
""" Set the node value.
Once it has been changed it can't be changed again.
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree()
>>> t.node
>>> t.set_node("*")
>>> t.node
'*'
>>> t.set_node("+")
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: The node of the tree is already set
"""
if self.node is None:
self.node = value
else:
raise ValueError("The node of the tree is already set")
def set_left_value(self, value):
""" Set the left value.
Once it has been changed it can't be changed again.
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree()
>>> t.left_value
>>> t.set_left_value(1)
>>> t.left_value
1
>>> t.set_left_value(2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: The left branch is full, use set_right_value
"""
if self.left_value is None:
self.left_value = value
else:
try:
self.left_value.append(value)
except AttributeError:
raise ValueError("The left branch is full, use set_right_value")
def set_right_value(self, value):
""" Set the right value.
Once it has been changed it can't be changed again.
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree()
>>> t.right_value
>>> t.set_right_value(2)
>>> t.right_value
2
>>> t.set_right_value(3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: The right branch is full, use append_top or append_bot
>>> # potentielle source de problèmes??
>>> t = MutableTree()
>>> t.set_right_value([1])
>>> t.right_value
[1]
>>> t.set_right_value(3)
"""
if self.right_value is None:
self.right_value = value
else:
try:
self.right_value.append(value)
except AttributeError:
raise ValueError("The right branch is full, use append_top or append_bot")
def append(self, value):
""" Append the value at the bottom of the tree.
In order to enable operator with arity 1, left value can be set only
before the node is set, assuming that those operator are placed before
operand.
It tries to add it on left branch first.
If it fails, the value is appened on right branch.
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree()
>>> t.append(1)
>>> t.set_node("*")
>>> t.append(2)
>>> print(t)
*
> 1
> 2
>>> t.append(3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: The right branch is full, use append_top or append_bot
>>> t1 = MutableTree()
>>> t1.append(1)
>>> t1.set_node("*")
>>> t2 = MutableTree()
>>> t1.append(t2)
>>> t1.append(2)
>>> t2.set_node("+")
>>> t1.append(3)
>>> print(t1)
*
> 1
> +
| > 2
| > 3
>>> t1 = MutableTree()
>>> t1.set_node("-")
>>> t1.append(1)
>>> print(t1)
-
> None
> 1
"""
if self.node is None:
try:
self.set_left_value(value)
except ValueError:
self.set_right_value(value)
else:
self.set_right_value(value)
def append_top(self, value):
""" Append node into the tree at the top
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree("*", 1, 2)
>>> t.append_top("+")
>>> print(t)
+
> *
| > 1
| > 2
> None
"""
self_cp = MutableTree()
self_cp.set_node(self.node)
self_cp.set_left_value(self.left_value)
self_cp.set_right_value(self.right_value)
self.left_value, self.node, self.right_value = self_cp, value, None
def append_bot(self, value):
""" Append node into the tree at the bottom right_value
:example:
>>> t = MutableTree("*", 1, 2)
>>> t.append_bot("+")
>>> print(t)
*
> 1
> +
| > 2
| > None
"""
rv = self.right_value
nright_value = MutableTree()
nright_value.set_node(value)
nright_value.set_left_value(rv)
self.right_value = nright_value
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class LeafTree(Tree):
""" A LeafTree is a tree which act as if it is a leaf.
It blocks thoses methods:
- apply
- apply_on_last_level
"""
IMLEAF = 1
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def apply(self, *args):
raise AttributeError("Can't use apply on a LeafTree")
def apply_on_last_level(self, *args):
raise AttributeError("Can't use apply_on_last_level on a LeafTree")
class AssocialTree(Tree):
""" Tree which concider every subtree with a node different from itself
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as a Leaf
"""
def map_on_leaf(self, function):
""" Map on leafs a function
:param function: function on a single value or a tree
:returns: Tree with calculated leaf
:example:
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>>> t = Tree.from_str("3*4+2", convert_to_mo=False)
>>> print(t)
+
> *
| > 3
| > 4
> 2
>>> print(t.map_on_leaf(lambda x:2*x))
+
> *
| > 6
| > 8
> 4
"""
try:
left_applied = self.left_value.map_on_leaf(function)
except AttributeError:
left_applied = function(self.left_value)
try:
right_applied = self.right_value.map_on_leaf(function)
except AttributeError:
right_applied = function(self.right_value)
return Tree(self.node, left_applied, right_applied)
def apply_on_last_level(self, function):
raise AttributeError("apply_on_last_level not available for AssocialTree")
def apply(self, function):
""" Apply the function on every node of the tree
:param function: (op, a, a) -> b
:returns: b
:example:
>>> def to_nested(op, left, right):
... try:
... l = f"tree({left.node})"
... except AttributeError:
... l = left
... try:
... r = f"tree({right.node})"
... except AttributeError:
... r = right
... return (op, (l, r))
>>> t = AssocialTree.from_str("3+4+5*2")
>>> t.apply(to_nested)
('+', (('+', (<MOnumber 3>, <MOnumber 4>)), 'tree(*)'))
"""
try:
if self.left_value.node == self.node:
left_value = self.left_value.apply(function)
else:
left_value = self.left_value
except AttributeError:
left_value = self.left_value
try:
if self.right_value.node == self.node:
right_value = self.right_value.apply(function)
else:
right_value = self.right_value
except AttributeError:
right_value = self.right_value
return function(self.node, left_value, right_value)
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def get_leafs(self, callback=lambda x: x):
""" Generator which yield all the leaf value of the tree.
Callback act on every leaf.
:param callback: function on leaf or Tree
:example:
>>> t = AssocialTree.from_str("3+4+5*2")
>>> [l for l in t.get_leafs(str)]
['3', '4', '*\\n > 5\\n > 2']
>>> [ l for l in t.get_leafs(type) ]
[<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.MO.mo.MOnumber'>, <class 'mapytex.calculus.core.MO.mo.MOnumber'>, <class 'mapytex.calculus.core.tree.AssocialTree'>]
"""
try:
if self.left_value.node == self.node:
yield from self.left_value.get_leafs(callback)
else:
yield callback(self.left_value)
except AttributeError:
yield callback(self.left_value)
try:
if self.right_value.node == self.node:
yield from self.right_value.get_leafs(callback)
else:
yield callback(self.right_value)
except AttributeError:
yield callback(self.right_value)
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def balance(self):
""" Balance the tree
:example:
>>> t = AssocialTree.from_str("1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9")
>>> print(t)
+
> +
| > +
| | > +
| | | > +
| | | | > +
| | | | | > +
| | | | | | > +
| | | | | | | > 1
| | | | | | | > 2
| | | | | | > 3
| | | | | > 4
| | | | > 5
| | | > 6
| | > 7
| > 8
> 9
>>> bal_t = t.balance()
>>> print(bal_t)
+
> +
| > +
| | > 1
| | > 2
| > +
| | > 3
| | > 4
> +
| > +
| | > 5
| | > 6
| > +
| | > 7
| | > +
| | | > 8
| | | > 9
>>> t = AssocialTree.from_str("1*2*3*4*5+6+7+8+9")
>>> print(t)
+
> +
| > +
| | > +
| | | > *
| | | | > *
| | | | | > *
| | | | | | > *
| | | | | | | > 1
| | | | | | | > 2
| | | | | | > 3
| | | | | > 4
| | | | > 5
| | | > 6
| | > 7
| > 8
> 9
>>> bal_t = t.balance()
>>> print(bal_t)
+
> +
| > *
| | > *
| | | > 1
| | | > 2
| | > *
| | | > 3
| | | > *
| | | | > 4
| | | | > 5
| > 6
> +
| > 7
| > +
| | > 8
| | > 9
:returns: Balanced Tree (not AssocialTree)
"""
leafs = self.get_leafs()
balanced_leafs = []
for l in leafs:
try:
balanced_leafs.append(l.balance())
except AttributeError:
balanced_leafs.append(l)
t = Tree.from_list(self.node, balanced_leafs)
return t
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