Mapytex/mapytex/calculus/API/expression.py

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#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# vim:fenc=utf-8
#
# Copyright © 2017 lafrite <lafrite@Poivre>
#
# Distributed under terms of the MIT license.
"""
Expression
"""
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from functools import partial
from ..core import AssocialTree, Tree, compute, typing, TypingError
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from ..core.random import (
extract_rdleaf,
extract_rv,
random_generator,
compute_leafs,
replace_rdleaf,
)
from ..core.MO import moify
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from .tokens import factory
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from .renders import render
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class Expression(object):
"""
Expression class
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:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2+3*4")
>>> e2 = e.simplify()
>>> print(e2)
14
>>> for s in e2.explain():
... print(s)
2 + 3 * 4
2 + 12
14
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"""
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def __init__(self, tree, ancestor=None):
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"""
"""
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self._tree = tree
self._ancestor = ancestor
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@classmethod
def from_str(cls, string, typing=True):
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""" Initiate the expression from a string
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:param string: String to parse to generate the Expression
:returns: the expression
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:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2 + 3 * 4")
>>> e
<Exp: 2 + 3 * 4>
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2/3")
>>> e
<Fraction 2 / 3>
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2x + 1")
>>> e
<Linear 2x + 1>
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2x + 1 + 5x^2")
>>> e
<Quadratic 5x^2 + 2x + 1>
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2x + 1 + 5x")
>>> e
<Exp: 2x + 1 + 5x>
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"""
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t = Tree.from_str(string)
if typing:
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return cls._post_processing(t)
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return cls(t)
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@classmethod
def random(
cls,
template,
conditions=[],
rejected=[0],
min_max=(-10, 10),
variables_scope={},
shuffle=False,
):
""" Initiate randomly the expression
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:param template: the template of the expression
:param conditions: conditions on randomly generate variable
:param rejected: Values to reject for all random variables
:param min_max: Min and max value for all random variables
:param variables_scope: Dictionnary for each random varaibles to fic rejected and min_max
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:param shuffle: allowing to shuffle the tree
:returns: TODO
:example:
>>> e = Expression.random("{a}/{a*k}")
>>> e # doctest: +SKIP
<Exp: -3 / -15>
>>> e = Expression.random("{a}/{a*k} - 3*{b}", variables_scope={'a':{'min_max':(10, 30)}})
>>> e # doctest: +SKIP
<Exp: 18 / 108 - 3 * 9>
>>> e = Expression.random("{a}*x + {b}*x + 3", ["a>b"], rejected=[0, 1])
>>> ee = e.simplify()
>>> print(e) # doctest: +SKIP
10x - 6x + 3
>>> print(ee) # doctest: +SKIP
4x + 3
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"""
rd_t = Tree.from_str(template, random=True)
leafs = extract_rdleaf(rd_t)
rd_varia = extract_rv(leafs)
generated = random_generator(
rd_varia, conditions, rejected, min_max, variables_scope
)
computed = compute_leafs(leafs, generated)
t = replace_rdleaf(rd_t, computed).map_on_leaf(moify)
if shuffle:
raise NotImplemented("Can't suffle expression yet")
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return cls._post_processing(t)
@classmethod
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def _post_processing(cls, t):
""" Post process the tree by typing it """
tt = cls(t)._typing()
try:
return factory(tt)
except TypeError as e:
return cls(t)
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def __str__(self):
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return render(self._tree)
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def __repr__(self):
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return f"<Exp: {render(self._tree, 'txt')}>"
def _order(self, exclude_nodes=["*", "/", "**"]):
""" Order the expression base on types
:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("1 + 2x + 3 + 4x")
>>> print(e)
1 + 2x + 3 + 4x
>>> #print(e._order())
1 + 3 + 2x + 4x
>>> e = Expression.from_str("x + 6x^3 + 1 + 2x^2 + 3 + 4x^2 + 5x")
>>> print(e._order())
x + 5x + 6x^3 + 2x^2 + 4x^2 + 1 + 3
"""
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def signature(leaf):
try:
leaf.node
except AttributeError:
try:
return leaf.signature
except AttributeError:
return type(leaf)
else:
try:
typed_leaf = typing(
leaf.node, leaf.left_value, leaf.right_value)
return typed_leaf.signature
except (AttributeError, NotImplementedError, TypingError):
return type(leaf)
try:
self._tree.node
except AttributeError:
return self
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organised = AssocialTree.from_any_tree(self._tree).organise_by(
signature, recursive=True, exclude_nodes=exclude_nodes
)
return Expression(organised)
def _optimize(self, exclude_nodes=["/", "**"]):
""" Return a copy of self with an optimize tree
:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2x^2+2x+3x")
>>> print(e._tree)
+
> +
| > *
| | > 2
| | > ^
| | | > x
| | | > 2
| > *
| | > 2
| | > x
> *
| > 3
| > x
>>> print(e._optimize()._tree)
+
> *
| > 2
| > ^
| | > x
| | > 2
> +
| > *
| | > 2
| | > x
| > *
| | > 3
| | > x
"""
try:
# TODO: need to test exclude_nodes |ven. oct. 5 08:51:02 CEST 2018
return Expression(self._tree.balance(exclude_nodes=exclude_nodes))
except AttributeError:
return self
def _typing(self):
""" Build a copy of self with as much typing as possible
:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2x", typing=False)
>>> print(e._tree.map_on_leaf(lambda x: type(x).__name__))
*
> MOnumber
> MOstr
>>> typed_e = e._typing()
>>> print(type(typed_e._tree))
<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.MO.monomial.MOMonomial'>
>>> typed_e = e._typing()
>>> print(type(typed_e._tree))
<class 'mapytex.calculus.core.MO.monomial.MOMonomial'>
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2x+3+4/5", typing=False)
>>> print(e._tree.map_on_leaf(lambda x: type(x).__name__))
+
> +
| > *
| | > MOnumber
| | > MOstr
| > MOnumber
> /
| > MOnumber
| > MOnumber
>>> typed_e = e._typing()
>>> print(e._tree.map_on_leaf(lambda x: type(x).__name__))
+
> +
| > *
| | > MOnumber
| | > MOstr
| > MOnumber
> /
| > MOnumber
| > MOnumber
"""
try:
return Expression(self._tree.apply(typing))
except AttributeError:
return self
def _compute(self):
"""" Compute one step of self
"""
try:
return Expression(self._tree.apply_on_last_level(compute))
except AttributeError:
return self
def set_ancestor(self, ancestor):
""" Set ancestor """
self._ancestor = ancestor
def _simplify(self, optimize=True):
""" Compute as much as possible the expression
:param optimize: bool to optimize tree when it's possible
:return: an expression
:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2+3*4")
>>> e
<Exp: 2 + 3 * 4>
>>> f = e._simplify()
>>> f
<Exp: 14>
>>> f._ancestor
<Exp: 2 + 12>
"""
typed_exp = self._typing()
if optimize:
organized_exp = typed_exp._order()
opt_exp = organized_exp._optimize()
else:
opt_exp = typed_exp
comp_exp = opt_exp._compute()
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if typed_exp != comp_exp:
comp_exp.set_ancestor(self)
return comp_exp._simplify(optimize=optimize)
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typed_exp.set_ancestor(self._ancestor)
return typed_exp
def simplify(self, optimize=True):
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""" Simplify the expression, keep the history and factory child
:param optimize: bool to optimize tree when it's possible
:return: an expression
:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2+3*4")
>>> e
<Exp: 2 + 3 * 4>
>>> f = e.simplify()
>>> f
<Integer 14>
>>> f._ancestor
<Exp: 2 + 12>
"""
self._child = self._simplify(optimize=optimize)
return factory(self._child, ancestor=self._child._ancestor)
def explain(self):
""" Yield every calculus step which have lead to self
:example:
>>> e = Expression.from_str("2+3*4")
>>> f = e.simplify()
>>> for s in f.explain():
... print(s)
2 + 3 * 4
2 + 12
14
>>> e = Expression.from_str("1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9")
>>> f = e.simplify()
>>> for s in f.explain():
... print(s)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
3 + 7 + 11 + 7 + 17
10 + 11 + 24
10 + 35
45
>>> e = Expression.from_str("1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9")
>>> f_no_balance = e.simplify(optimize=False)
>>> for s in f_no_balance.explain():
... print(s)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
3 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
6 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
10 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
15 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9
21 + 7 + 8 + 9
28 + 8 + 9
36 + 9
45
>>> e = Expression.from_str("1+2+3+4+5*6*7*8*9")
>>> f = e.simplify()
>>> for s in f.explain():
... print(s)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9
3 + 7 + 30 * 7 * 72
10 + 210 * 72
10 + 15120
15130
>>> e = Expression.from_str("1+2+3+4+5*6*7*8*9")
>>> f_no_balance = e.simplify(optimize=False)
>>> for s in f_no_balance.explain():
... print(s)
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9
3 + 3 + 4 + 30 * 7 * 8 * 9
6 + 4 + 210 * 8 * 9
10 + 1680 * 9
10 + 15120
15130
>>> e = Expression.from_str("1+2/3/4/5")
>>> f = e.simplify()
>>> for s in f.explain():
... print(s)
1 + 2 / 3 / 4 / 5
1 + (2 / 3 * 1 / 4) / 5
1 + (2 * 1) / (3 * 4) / 5
1 + 2 / 12 / 5
1 + 2 / 12 * 1 / 5
1 + (2 * 1) / (12 * 5)
1 + 2 / 60
1 / 1 + 2 / 60
(1 * 60) / (1 * 60) + 2 / 60
60 / 60 + 2 / 60
(60 + 2) / 60
62 / 60
"""
try:
yield from self._ancestor.explain()
except AttributeError:
yield self
else:
yield self
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def __call__(self, value):
""" Call a Expression to evaluate itself on value
:param value: evaluate the Expression with this value
:return: Expression simplified if the value is not a string with a length greater than 1.
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:examples:
>>> f = Expression.from_str("3*x^2 + 2x + 1")
>>> for s in f(2).explain():
... print(s)
3 * 2^2 + 2 * 2 + 1
3 * 4 + 4 + 1
12 + 5
17
>>> f(f(2))
<Integer 902>
>>> f(17)
<Integer 902>
>>> f("n")
<Quadratic 3n^2 + 2n + 1>
>>> f("u_n")
<Exp: 3u_n^2 + 2u_n + 1>
>>> f(f)
<Polynomial 27x^4 + 36x^3 + 36x^2 + 16x + 6>
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"""
tree = self._tree
variable = (set(tree.get_leafs(extract_variable)) - {None}).pop()
try:
dest = value._mo
except AttributeError:
dest = moify(value)
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replace_var = partial(replace, origin=variable, dest=dest)
tree = tree.map_on_leaf(replace_var)
if isinstance(value, str) and len(value) > 1:
return Expression(tree)
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return Expression(tree).simplify()
def extract_variable(leaf):
try:
return leaf.variable
except AttributeError:
return None
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def replace(leaf, origin, dest):
""" Recursively replace origin to dest in leaf """
try:
leaf.tree
except AttributeError:
if leaf == origin:
return dest
return leaf
replace_var = partial(replace, origin=origin, dest=dest)
return leaf.tree.map_on_leaf(replace_var)
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