589 lines
20 KiB
Python
589 lines
20 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python
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# encoding: utf-8
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from .explicable import Explicable
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from .expression import Expression
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from .operator import op
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from .generic import spe_zip, expand_list, isNumber, transpose_fill, flatten_list, isPolynom, isNumerand
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from .render import txt,tex
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from itertools import chain
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from functools import wraps
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def power_cache(fun):
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"""Decorator which cache calculated powers of polynoms """
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cache = {}
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@wraps(fun)
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def cached_fun(self, power):
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#print("cache -> ", cache)
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if (tuple(self._coef), power) in cache.keys():
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return cache[(tuple(self._coef), power)]
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else:
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poly_powered = fun(self, power)
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cache[(tuple(self._coef), power)] = poly_powered
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return poly_powered
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return cached_fun
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class AbstractPolynom(Explicable):
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"""The mathematic definition of a polynom. It will be the parent class of Polynom (classical polynoms) and later of SquareRoot polynoms"""
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def __init__(self, coefs = [1], letter = "x", name = "P"):
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"""Initiate the polynom
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:param coef: coefficients of the polynom (ascending degree sorted)
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3 possibles type of coefficent:
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- a : simple "number". [1,2] designate 1 + 2x
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- [a,b,c]: list of coeficient for same degree. [1,[2,3],4] designate 1 + 2x + 3x + 4x^2
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- a: a Expression. [1, Expression("2+3"), 4] designate 1 + (2+3)x + 4x^2
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:param letter: the string describing the unknown
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:param name: Name of the polynom
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1, 2, 3])
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>>> P.mainOp
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'+'
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>>> P.name
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'P'
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>>> P._letter
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'x'
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1]).mainOp
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'*'
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>>> AbstractPolynom([0, 0, 3]).mainOp
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'*'
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1, 2, 3])._letter
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'x'
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1, 2, 3], "y")._letter
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'y'
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1, 2, 3], name = "Q").name
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'Q'
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"""
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super(AbstractPolynom, self).__init__()
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try:
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# Remove 0 at the end of the coefs
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while coefs[-1] == 0:
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coefs = coefs[:-1]
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except IndexError:
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pass
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if coefs == []:
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coefs = [0]
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self.feed_coef(coefs)
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self._letter = letter
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self.name = name
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if self.is_monom():
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self.mainOp = op.mul
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else:
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self.mainOp = op.add
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self._isPolynom = 1
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def feed_coef(self, l_coef):
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"""Feed coef of the polynom. Manage differently whether it's a number or an expression
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:l_coef: list of coef
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"""
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self._coef = []
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for coef in l_coef:
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if type(coef) == list and len(coef)==1:
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self._coef.append(coef[0])
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else:
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self._coef.append(coef)
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@property
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def degree(self):
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"""Getting the degree fo the polynom
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:returns: the degree of the polynom
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1, 2, 3]).degree
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2
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1]).degree
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0
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"""
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return len(self._coef) - 1
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def is_monom(self):
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"""is the polynom a monom (only one coefficent)
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:returns: 1 if yes 0 otherwise
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1, 2, 3]).is_monom()
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0
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>>> AbstractPolynom([1]).is_monom()
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1
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"""
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if len([i for i in self._coef if i != 0])==1:
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return 1
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else:
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return 0
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def give_name(self, name):
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self.name = name
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def __str__(self):
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return str(Expression(self.postfix_tokens))
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def __repr__(self):
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return "< " + str(self.__class__) + " " + str(self._coef) + ">"
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def __txt__(self):
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return txt(self.postfix_tokens)
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def __tex__(self):
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return tex(self.postfix_tokens)
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def coef_postfix(self, a, i):
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"""Return the postfix display of a coeficient
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:param a: value for the coeficient (/!\ as a postfix list)
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:param i: power
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:returns: postfix tokens of coef
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom()
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>>> p.coef_postfix([3],2)
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[3, 'x', 2, '^', '*']
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>>> p.coef_postfix([0],1)
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[]
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>>> p.coef_postfix([3],0)
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[3]
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>>> p.coef_postfix([3],1)
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[3, 'x', '*']
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>>> p.coef_postfix([1],1)
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['x']
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>>> p.coef_postfix([1],2)
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['x', 2, '^']
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"""
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# TODO: Couille certaine avec txt à qui il fait donner des opérateurs tout beau! |mar. nov. 11 13:08:35 CET 2014
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ans =[]
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if a == [0]:
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pass
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elif i == 0:
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ans = a
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elif i == 1:
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ans = a * (a!=[1]) + [self._letter] + [op.mul] * (a!=[1])
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else:
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ans = a * (a!=[1]) + [self._letter, i, op.pw] + [op.mul] * (a!=[1])
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return ans
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@property
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def postfix_tokens(self):
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"""Return the postfix form of the polynom
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:returns: the postfix list of polynom's tokens
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1, 2])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[2, 'x', '*', 1, '+']
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1, -2])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[2, 'x', '*', '-', 1, '+']
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[3, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 2, 'x', '*', '+', 1, '+']
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[1]
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([0])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[0]
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,[2,3]])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[2, 'x', '*', 3, 'x', '*', '+', 1, '+']
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,[2,-3]])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[2, 'x', '*', 3, 'x', '*', '-', 1, '+']
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,[-2,-3]])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[2, 'x', '*', '-', 3, 'x', '*', '-', 1, '+']
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>>> from pymath.expression import Expression
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>>> from pymath.operator import op
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>>> e = Expression([2,3,op.add])
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,e])
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>>> p.postfix_tokens
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[2, 3, '+', 'x', '*', 1, '+']
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"""
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if self == 0:
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return [0]
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# TODO: Faudrait factoriser un peu tout ça..! |dim. déc. 21 16:02:34 CET 2014
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postfix = []
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for (i,a) in list(enumerate(self._coef))[::-1]:
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operator = [op.add]
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operator_sub1 = []
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if type(a) == Expression:
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# case coef is an arithmetic expression
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c = self.coef_postfix(a.postfix_tokens,i)
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if c != []:
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postfix.append(c)
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if len(postfix) > 1:
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postfix += operator
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elif type(a) == list:
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# case need to repeat the x^i
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for b in a:
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operator = [op.add]
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operator_sub1 = []
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if len(postfix) == 0 and isNumber(b) and b < 0:
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try:
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b = [(-b)[-1]]
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except TypeError:
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b = [-b]
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operator_sub1 = [op.sub1]
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elif len(postfix) > 0 and isNumber(b) and b < 0:
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try:
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b = [(-b)[-1]]
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except TypeError:
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b = [-b]
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operator = [op.sub]
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else:
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b = [b]
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c = self.coef_postfix(b,i)
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if c != []:
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postfix.append(c)
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if len(postfix) > 1:
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postfix += operator_sub1
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postfix += operator
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postfix += operator_sub1
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elif a != 0:
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if len(postfix) == 0 and a < 0:
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try:
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a = [(-a)[-1]]
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except TypeError:
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a = [-a]
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operator_sub1 = [op.sub1]
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elif len(postfix) > 0 and a < 0:
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try:
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a = [(-a)[-1]]
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except TypeError:
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a = [-a]
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operator = [op.sub]
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else:
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a = [a]
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c = self.coef_postfix(a,i)
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if c != []:
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postfix.append(c)
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if len(postfix) > 1:
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postfix += operator_sub1
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postfix += operator
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postfix += operator_sub1
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return flatten_list(postfix)
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def conv2poly(self, other):
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"""Convert anything number into a polynom
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
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>>> P.conv2poly(1)
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [1]>
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>>> P.conv2poly(0)
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0]>
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"""
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if isNumber(other) and not isPolynom(other):
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return AbstractPolynom([other], letter = self._letter)
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elif isPolynom(other):
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return other
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else:
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raise ValueError(type(other) + " can't be converted into a polynom")
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def reduce(self):
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"""Compute coefficients which have same degree
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:returns: new AbstractPolynom with numbers coefficients
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
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>>> Q = P.reduce()
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>>> Q
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [1, 2, 3]>
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>>> Q.steps
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[]
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([[1,2], [3,4,5], 6])
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>>> Q = P.reduce()
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>>> Q
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [3, 12, 6]>
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>>> Q.steps
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[< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [1, 2, '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 4, '+', 5, '+'] >, 6]>, < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [3, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [7, 5, '+'] >, 6]>]
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"""
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# TODO: It doesn't not compute quick enough |ven. févr. 27 18:04:01 CET 2015
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# gather steps for every coeficients
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coefs_steps = []
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for coef in self._coef:
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coef_steps = []
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if type(coef) == list:
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# On converti en postfix avec une addition
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postfix_add = self.postfix_add([i for i in coef if i!=0])
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# On converti en Expression
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coef_exp = Expression(postfix_add)
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with Expression.tmp_render():
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coef_steps = list(coef_exp.simplify().explain())
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#print('\t 1.coef_steps -> ', coef_steps)
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elif type(coef) == Expression:
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with Expression.tmp_render():
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coef_steps = list(coef.simplify().explain())
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#print('\t 2.coef_steps -> ', coef_steps)
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else:
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try:
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with Expression.tmp_render():
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coef_steps += coef.simplify().explain()
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except AttributeError:
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coef_steps = [coef]
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#print('\t 3.coef_steps -> ', coef_steps)
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# On ajoute toutes ces étapes
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coefs_steps.append(coef_steps)
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#print('\t coefs_steps -> ', coefs_steps)
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# On retourne la matrice
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steps = []
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for coefs in transpose_fill(coefs_steps):
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steps.append(AbstractPolynom(coefs, self._letter))
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ans, steps = steps[-1], steps[:-1]
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ans.steps = steps
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return ans
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def simplify(self):
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"""Same as reduce """
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return self.reduce()
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@staticmethod
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def postfix_add(numbers):
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"""Convert a list of numbers into a postfix addition
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:numbers: list of numbers
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:returns: Postfix list of succecive attition of number
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>>> AbstractPolynom.postfix_add([1])
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[1]
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>>> AbstractPolynom.postfix_add([1, 2])
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[1, 2, '+']
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>>> AbstractPolynom.postfix_add([1, 2, 3])
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[1, 2, '+', 3, '+']
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>>> AbstractPolynom.postfix_add(1)
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[1]
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>>> AbstractPolynom.postfix_add([])
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[0]
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"""
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if not type(numbers) == list:
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return [numbers]
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elif numbers == []:
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return [0]
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else:
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ans = [[a, op.add] if i!=0 else [a] for (i,a) in enumerate(numbers)]
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return list(chain.from_iterable(ans))
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def __eq__(self, other):
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try:
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o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
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return self._coef == o_poly._coef
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except TypeError:
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return 0
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def __add__(self, other):
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""" Overload +
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
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>>> Q = AbstractPolynom([4,5])
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>>> R = P+Q
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>>> R
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [5, 7, 3]>
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>>> R.steps
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[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 2, 'x', '*', '+', 1, '+', 5, 'x', '*', 4, '+', '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [1, 4, '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 5, '+'] >, 3]>]
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"""
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o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
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n_coef = spe_zip(self._coef, o_poly._coef)
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p = AbstractPolynom(n_coef, letter = self._letter)
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ini_step = [Expression(self.postfix_tokens + o_poly.postfix_tokens + [op.add])]
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ans = p.simplify()
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ans.steps = ini_step + ans.steps
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return ans
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def __radd__(self, other):
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o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
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return o_poly.__add__(self)
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def __neg__(self):
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""" overload - (as arity 1 operator)
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
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>>> Q = -P
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>>> Q
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [-1, -2, -3]>
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>>> Q.steps
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[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 2, 'x', '*', '+', 1, '+', '-'] >]
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"""
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ini_step = [Expression(self.postfix_tokens + [op.sub1])]
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ans = AbstractPolynom([-i for i in self._coef], letter = self._letter).simplify()
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ans.steps = ini_step + ans.steps
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return ans
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def __sub__(self, other):
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""" overload -
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>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
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>>> Q = AbstractPolynom([4,5,6])
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>>> R = P - Q
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>>> R
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [-3, -3, -3]>
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>>> R.steps
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[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 2, 'x', '*', '+', 1, '+', 6, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 5, 'x', '*', '+', 4, '+', '-'] >, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 2, 'x', '*', '+', 1, '+', 6, 'x', 2, '^', '*', '-', 5, 'x', '*', '-', 4, '-', '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [1, -4, '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, -5, '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, -6, '+'] >]>]
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>>> for i in R.explain():
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... print(i)
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3 x^{ 2 } + 2 x + 1 - ( 6 x^{ 2 } + 5 x + 4 )
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3 x^{ 2 } + 2 x + 1 - 6 x^{ 2 } - 5 x - 4
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( 3 - 6 ) x^{ 2 } + ( 2 - 5 ) x + 1 - 4
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- 3 x^{ 2 } - 3 x - 3
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"""
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o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
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ini_step = [Expression(self.postfix_tokens + o_poly.postfix_tokens + [op.sub])]
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o_poly = -o_poly
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#ini_step += o_poly.steps
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ans = self + o_poly
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ans.steps = ini_step + ans.steps
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return ans
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def __rsub__(self, other):
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o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
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return o_poly.__sub__(self)
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def __mul__(self, other):
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""" Overload *
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>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,2])
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>>> p*3
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [3, 6]>
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>>> (p*3).steps
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[[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 'x', '*', 1, '+', 3, '*'] >], < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [3, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 3, '*'] >]>]
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>>> q = AbstractPolynom([0,0,4])
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>>> q*3
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, 12]>
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>>> (q*3).steps
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[[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [4, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 3, '*'] >], < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [4, 3, '*'] >]>]
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>>> r = AbstractPolynom([0,1])
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>>> r*3
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 3]>
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>>> (r*3).steps
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[[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> ['x', 3, '*'] >]]
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>>> p*q
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< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, 4, 8]>
|
|
>>> (p*q).steps
|
|
[[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 'x', '*', 1, '+', 4, 'x', 2, '^', '*', '*'] >], < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, 4, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 4, '*'] >]>]
|
|
>>> p*r
|
|
< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 1, 2]>
|
|
>>> P = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
|
|
>>> Q = AbstractPolynom([4,5,6])
|
|
>>> P*Q
|
|
< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [4, 13, 28, 27, 18]>
|
|
"""
|
|
# TODO: Je trouve qu'elle grille trop d'étapes... |ven. févr. 27 19:08:44 CET 2015
|
|
o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
|
|
|
|
coefs = [0]*(self.degree + o_poly.degree + 1)
|
|
for (i,a) in enumerate(self._coef):
|
|
for (j,b) in enumerate(o_poly._coef):
|
|
if a == 0 or b == 0:
|
|
elem = 0
|
|
elif a==1:
|
|
elem = b
|
|
elif b==1:
|
|
elem = a
|
|
else:
|
|
elem = Expression([a, b, op.mul])
|
|
|
|
if coefs[i+j]==0:
|
|
coefs[i+j] = elem
|
|
elif elem != 0:
|
|
if type(coefs[i+j]) == list:
|
|
coefs[i+j] += [elem]
|
|
else:
|
|
coefs[i+j] = [coefs[i+j] , elem]
|
|
|
|
p = AbstractPolynom(coefs, letter = self._letter)
|
|
ini_step = [Expression(self.postfix_tokens + o_poly.postfix_tokens + [op.mul])]
|
|
ans = p.simplify()
|
|
|
|
ans.steps = [ini_step] + ans.steps
|
|
return ans
|
|
|
|
def __rmul__(self, other):
|
|
o_poly = self.conv2poly(other)
|
|
|
|
return o_poly.__mul__(self)
|
|
|
|
@power_cache
|
|
def __pow__(self, power):
|
|
""" Overload **
|
|
|
|
>>> p = AbstractPolynom([0,0,3])
|
|
>>> p**2
|
|
< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, 0, 0, 9]>
|
|
>>> (p**2).steps
|
|
[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 'x', 2, '^', '*', 2, '^'] >, < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, 0, 0, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [3, 2, '^'] >]>]
|
|
>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,2])
|
|
>>> p**2
|
|
< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [1, 4, 4]>
|
|
>>> (p**2).steps
|
|
[< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 'x', '*', 1, '+', 2, '^'] >, [< <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 'x', '*', 1, '+', 2, 'x', '*', 1, '+', '*'] >], < <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [1, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 2, '+'] >, < <class 'pymath.expression.Expression'> [2, 2, '*'] >]>]
|
|
>>> p = AbstractPolynom([0,0,1])
|
|
>>> p**3
|
|
< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]>
|
|
>>> p = AbstractPolynom([1,2,3])
|
|
>>> p**2
|
|
< <class 'pymath.abstract_polynom.AbstractPolynom'> [1, 4, 10, 12, 9]>
|
|
|
|
"""
|
|
if not type(power):
|
|
raise ValueError("Can't raise {obj} to {pw} power".format(obj = self.__class__, pw = str(power)))
|
|
|
|
ini_step = [Expression(self.postfix_tokens + [power, op.pw])]
|
|
|
|
if self.is_monom():
|
|
if self._coef[self.degree] == 1:
|
|
coefs = [0]*self.degree*power + [1]
|
|
p = AbstractPolynom(coefs, letter = self._letter)
|
|
ans = p
|
|
else:
|
|
coefs = [0]*self.degree*power + [Expression([self._coef[self.degree] , power, op.pw])]
|
|
p = AbstractPolynom(coefs, letter = self._letter)
|
|
ans = p.simplify()
|
|
else:
|
|
if power == 2:
|
|
ans = self * self
|
|
else:
|
|
# TODO: faudrait changer ça c'est pas très sérieux |ven. févr. 27 22:08:00 CET 2015
|
|
raise AttributeError("__pw__ not implemented yet when power is greatter than 2")
|
|
|
|
ans.steps = ini_step + ans.steps
|
|
return ans
|
|
|
|
def __xor__(self, power):
|
|
return self.__pow__(power)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# -----------------------------
|
|
# Reglages pour 'vim'
|
|
# vim:set autoindent expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4:
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|
# cursor: 16 del
|