846 lines
211 KiB
HTML
846 lines
211 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<title>Decouverte de Python</title>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/require.js/2.1.10/require.min.js"></script>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.0.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
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<style type="text/css">
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/*!
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*
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* Twitter Bootstrap
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*
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*//*! normalize.css v3.0.2 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],template{display:none}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}b,strong{font-weight:bold}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-0.5em}sub{bottom:-0.25em}img{border:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1em 40px}hr{-moz-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}pre{overflow:auto}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace,monospace;font-size:1em}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{color:inherit;font:inherit;margin:0}button{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}input{line-height:normal}input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}fieldset{border:1px solid #c0c0c0;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}legend{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto}optgroup{font-weight:bold}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}td,th{padding:0}/*! Source: https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/src/css/main.css */@media print{*,*:before,*:after{background:transparent !important;color:#000 !important;box-shadow:none !important;text-shadow:none !important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}abbr[title]:after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}a[href^="#"]:after,a[href^="javascript:"]:after{content:""}pre,blockquote{border:1px solid #999;page-break-inside:avoid}thead{display:table-header-group}tr,img{page-break-inside:avoid}img{max-width:100% !important}p,h2,h3{orphans:3;widows:3}h2,h3{page-break-after:avoid}select{background:#fff !important}.navbar{display:none}.btn>.caret,.dropup>.btn>.caret{border-top-color:#000 !important}.label{border:1px solid #000}.table{border-collapse:collapse !important}.table td,.table th{background-color:#fff !important}.table-bordered th,.table-bordered td{border:1px solid #ddd !important}}@font-face{font-family:'Glyphicons Halflings';src:url('../components/bootstrap/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot');src:url('../components/bootstrap/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),url('../components/bootstrap/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff') format('woff'),url('../components/bootstrap/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf') format('truetype'),url('../components/bootstrap/fonts/glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg#glyphicons_halflingsregular') format('svg')}.glyphicon{position:relative;top:1px;display:inline-block;font-family:'Glyphicons Halflings';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.glyphicon-asterisk:before{content:"\2a"}.glyphicon-plus:before{content:"\2b"}.glyphicon-euro:before,.glyphicon-eur:before{content:"\20ac"}.glyphicon-minus:before{content:"\2212"}.glyphicon-cloud:before{content:"\2601"}.glyphicon-envelope:before{content:"\2709"}.glyphicon-pencil:before{content:"\270f"}.glyphicon-glass:before{content:"\e001"}.glyphicon-music:before{content:"\e002"}.glyphicon-search:before{content:
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*
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* Font Awesome
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*
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*//*!
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* Font Awesome 4.3.0 by @davegandy - http://fontawesome.io - @fontawesome
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* License - http://fontawesome.io/license (Font: SIL OFL 1.1, CSS: MIT License)
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*/@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesome';src:url('../components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot?v=4.3.0');src:url('../components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot?#iefix&v=4.3.0') format('embedded-opentype'),url('../components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2?v=4.3.0') format('woff2'),url('../components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff?v=4.3.0') format('woff'),url('../components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf?v=4.3.0') format('truetype'),url('../components/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.svg?v=4.3.0#fontawesomeregular') format('svg');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0)}.fa-lg{font-size:1.33333333em;line-height:.75em;vertical-align:-15%}.fa-2x{font-size:2em}.fa-3x{font-size:3em}.fa-4x{font-size:4em}.fa-5x{font-size:5em}.fa-fw{width:1.28571429em;text-align:center}.fa-ul{padding-left:0;margin-left:2.14285714em;list-style-type:none}.fa-ul>li{position:relative}.fa-li{position:absolute;left:-2.14285714em;width:2.14285714em;top:.14285714em;text-align:center}.fa-li.fa-lg{left:-1.85714286em}.fa-border{padding:.2em .25em .15em;border:solid .08em #eee;border-radius:.1em}.pull-right{float:right}.pull-left{float:left}.fa.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.fa.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.fa-spin{-webkit-animation:fa-spin 2s infinite linear;animation:fa-spin 2s infinite linear}.fa-pulse{-webkit-animation:fa-spin 1s infinite steps(8);animation:fa-spin 1s infinite steps(8)}@-webkit-keyframes fa-spin{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(359deg);transform:rotate(359deg)}}@keyframes fa-spin{0%{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{-webkit-transform:rotate(359deg);transform:rotate(359deg)}}.fa-rotate-90{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=1);-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.fa-rotate-180{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=2);-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.fa-rotate-270{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=3);-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg);-ms-transform:rotate(270deg);transform:rotate(270deg)}.fa-flip-horizontal{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=0, mirror=1);-webkit-transform:scale(-1, 1);-ms-transform:scale(-1, 1);transform:scale(-1, 1)}.fa-flip-vertical{filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.BasicImage(rotation=2, mirror=1);-webkit-transform:scale(1, -1);-ms-transform:scale(1, -1);transform:scale(1, -1)}:root .fa-rotate-90,:root .fa-rotate-180,:root .fa-rotate-270,:root .fa-flip-horizontal,:root .fa-flip-vertical{filter:none}.fa-stack{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:2em;height:2em;line-height:2em;vertical-align:middle}.fa-stack-1x,.fa-stack-2x{position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;text-align:center}.fa-stack-1x{line-height:inherit}.fa-stack-2x{font-size:2em}.fa-inverse{color:#fff}.fa-glass:before{content:"\f000"}.fa-music:before{content:"\f001"}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002"}.fa-envelope-o:before{content:"\f003"}.fa-heart:before{content:"\f004"}.fa-star:before{content:"\f005"}.fa-star-o:before{content:"\f006"}.fa-user:before{content:"\f007"}.fa-film:before{content:"\f008"}.fa-th-large:before{content:"\f009"}.fa-th:before{content:"\f00a"}.fa-th-list:before{content:"\f00b"}.fa-check:before{content:"\f00c"}.fa-remove:before,.fa-close:before,.fa-times:before{content:"\f00d"}.fa-search-plus:before{content:"\f00e"}.fa-search-minus:before{content:"\f010"}.fa-power-off:before{content:"\f011"}.fa-signal:before{content:"\f012"}.fa-gear:before,.fa-cog:before{content:"\f013"}.fa-trash-o:before{content:"\f014"}.fa-home:before{content:"\f015"}.fa-file-o:before{content:"\f016"}.fa-clock-o:before{content:"\f017"}.fa-road:before{content:"\f018"}.fa-download:before{content:"\f019"}.fa-arrow-circle-o-down:befo
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*
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* IPython base
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*
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*/.modal.fade .modal-dialog{-webkit-transform:translate(0, 0);-ms-transform:translate(0, 0);-o-transform:translate(0, 0);transform:translate(0, 0)}code{color:#000}pre{font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}label{font-weight:normal}.border-box-sizing{box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box}.corner-all{border-radius:2px}.no-padding{padding:0}.hbox{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-align:stretch;display:-moz-box;-moz-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-box-align:stretch;display:box;box-orient:horizontal;box-align:stretch;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:stretch}.hbox>*{-webkit-box-flex:0;-moz-box-flex:0;box-flex:0;flex:none}.vbox{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-align:stretch;display:-moz-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-align:stretch;display:box;box-orient:vertical;box-align:stretch;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch}.vbox>*{-webkit-box-flex:0;-moz-box-flex:0;box-flex:0;flex:none}.hbox.reverse,.vbox.reverse,.reverse{-webkit-box-direction:reverse;-moz-box-direction:reverse;box-direction:reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}.hbox.box-flex0,.vbox.box-flex0,.box-flex0{-webkit-box-flex:0;-moz-box-flex:0;box-flex:0;flex:none;width:auto}.hbox.box-flex1,.vbox.box-flex1,.box-flex1{-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;box-flex:1;flex:1}.hbox.box-flex,.vbox.box-flex,.box-flex{-webkit-box-flex:1;-moz-box-flex:1;box-flex:1;flex:1}.hbox.box-flex2,.vbox.box-flex2,.box-flex2{-webkit-box-flex:2;-moz-box-flex:2;box-flex:2;flex:2}.box-group1{-webkit-box-flex-group:1;-moz-box-flex-group:1;box-flex-group:1}.box-group2{-webkit-box-flex-group:2;-moz-box-flex-group:2;box-flex-group:2}.hbox.start,.vbox.start,.start{-webkit-box-pack:start;-moz-box-pack:start;box-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.hbox.end,.vbox.end,.end{-webkit-box-pack:end;-moz-box-pack:end;box-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}.hbox.center,.vbox.center,.center{-webkit-box-pack:center;-moz-box-pack:center;box-pack:center;justify-content:center}.hbox.baseline,.vbox.baseline,.baseline{-webkit-box-pack:baseline;-moz-box-pack:baseline;box-pack:baseline;justify-content:baseline}.hbox.stretch,.vbox.stretch,.stretch{-webkit-box-pack:stretch;-moz-box-pack:stretch;box-pack:stretch;justify-content:stretch}.hbox.align-start,.vbox.align-start,.align-start{-webkit-box-align:start;-moz-box-align:start;box-align:start;align-items:flex-start}.hbox.align-end,.vbox.align-end,.align-end{-webkit-box-align:end;-moz-box-align:end;box-align:end;align-items:flex-end}.hbox.align-center,.vbox.align-center,.align-center{-webkit-box-align:center;-moz-box-align:center;box-align:center;align-items:center}.hbox.align-baseline,.vbox.align-baseline,.align-baseline{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-moz-box-align:baseline;box-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}.hbox.align-stretch,.vbox.align-stretch,.align-stretch{-webkit-box-align:stretch;-moz-box-align:stretch;box-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}div.error{margin:2em;text-align:center}div.error>h1{font-size:500%;line-height:normal}div.error>p{font-size:200%;line-height:normal}div.traceback-wrapper{text-align:left;max-width:800px;margin:auto}body{background-color:#fff;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;overflow:visible}#header{display:none;background-color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:100}#header #header-container{padding-bottom:5px;padding-top:5px;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box}#header .header-bar{width:100%;height:1px;background:#e7e7e7;margin-bottom:-1px}@media print{#header{display:none !important}}#header-spacer{width:100%;visibility:hidden}@media print{#header-spacer{display:none}}#ipython_notebook{padding-left:0;padding-top:1px;padding-bottom:1px}@media (max-width:991px){#ipython_notebook{margin-left:10px}}#noscript{width:auto;padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:center;font-size:22px;color:red;font-weight:bold}#ipython_notebook img{height:28px}#site{width:100%;display:none;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;overflow:auto}@med
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*
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* IPython auth
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*
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*/.center-nav{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-4px}/*!
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*
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* IPython tree view
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*
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*/.alternate_upload{background-color:none;display:inline}.alternate_upload.form{padding:0;margin:0}.alternate_upload input.fileinput{display:inline;opacity:0;z-index:2;width:12ex;margin-right:-12ex}.alternate_upload .btn-upload{height:22px}ul#tabs{margin-bottom:4px}ul#tabs a{padding-top:6px;padding-bottom:4px}ul.breadcrumb a:focus,ul.breadcrumb a:hover{text-decoration:none}ul.breadcrumb i.icon-home{font-size:16px;margin-right:4px}ul.breadcrumb span{color:#5e5e5e}.list_toolbar{padding:4px 0 4px 0;vertical-align:middle}.list_toolbar .tree-buttons{padding-top:1px}.dynamic-buttons{padding-top:3px;display:inline-block}.list_toolbar [class*="span"]{min-height:24px}.list_header{font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee}.list_placeholder{font-weight:bold;padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px}.list_container{margin-top:4px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:2px}.list_container>div{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd}.list_container>div:hover .list-item{background-color:red}.list_container>div:last-child{border:none}.list_item:hover .list_item{background-color:#ddd}.list_item a{text-decoration:none}.list_item:hover{background-color:#fafafa}.action_col{text-align:right}.list_header>div,.list_item>div{padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;line-height:22px}.list_header>div input,.list_item>div input{margin-right:7px;margin-left:14px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:22px;position:relative;top:-1px}.list_header>div .item_link,.list_item>div .item_link{margin-left:-1px;vertical-align:baseline;line-height:22px}.new-file input[type=checkbox]{visibility:hidden}.item_name{line-height:22px;height:24px}.item_icon{font-size:14px;color:#5e5e5e;margin-right:7px;margin-left:7px;line-height:22px;vertical-align:baseline}.item_buttons{line-height:1em;margin-left:-5px}.item_buttons .btn-group,.item_buttons .input-group{float:left}.item_buttons>.btn,.item_buttons>.btn-group,.item_buttons>.input-group{margin-left:5px}.item_buttons .btn{min-width:13ex}.item_buttons .running-indicator{padding-top:4px;color:#5cb85c}.toolbar_info{height:24px;line-height:24px}input.nbname_input,input.engine_num_input{padding-top:3px;padding-bottom:3px;height:22px;line-height:14px;margin:0}input.engine_num_input{width:60px}.highlight_text{color:blue}#project_name{display:inline-block;padding-left:7px;margin-left:-2px}#project_name>.breadcrumb{padding:0;margin-bottom:0;background-color:transparent;font-weight:bold}#tree-selector{padding-right:0}#button-select-all{min-width:50px}#select-all{margin-left:7px;margin-right:2px}.menu_icon{margin-right:2px}.tab-content .row{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.folder_icon:before{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);content:"\f114"}.folder_icon:before.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.folder_icon:before.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.notebook_icon:before{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);content:"\f02d";position:relative;top:-1px}.notebook_icon:before.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.notebook_icon:before.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.running_notebook_icon:before{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);content:"\f02d";position:relative;top:-1px;color:#5cb85c}.running_notebook_icon:before.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.running_notebook_icon:before.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.file_icon:before{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);content:"\f016";position:relative;top:-2px}.file_icon:before.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.file_icon:before.pull-right
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*
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* IPython text editor webapp
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*
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*/.selected-keymap i.fa{padding:0 5px}.selected-keymap i.fa:before{content:"\f00c"}#mode-menu{overflow:auto;max-height:20em}.edit_app #header{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2);box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2)}.edit_app #menubar .navbar{margin-bottom:-1px}.dirty-indicator{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);width:20px}.dirty-indicator.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.dirty-indicator.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.dirty-indicator-dirty{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);width:20px}.dirty-indicator-dirty.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.dirty-indicator-dirty.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.dirty-indicator-clean{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);width:20px}.dirty-indicator-clean.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.dirty-indicator-clean.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}.dirty-indicator-clean:before{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0, 0);content:"\f00c"}.dirty-indicator-clean:before.pull-left{margin-right:.3em}.dirty-indicator-clean:before.pull-right{margin-left:.3em}#filename{font-size:16pt;display:table;padding:0 5px}#current-mode{padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px}#texteditor-backdrop{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}@media not print{#texteditor-backdrop{background-color:#eee}}@media print{#texteditor-backdrop #texteditor-container .CodeMirror-gutter,#texteditor-backdrop #texteditor-container .CodeMirror-gutters{background-color:#fff}}@media not print{#texteditor-backdrop #texteditor-container .CodeMirror-gutter,#texteditor-backdrop #texteditor-container .CodeMirror-gutters{background-color:#fff}}@media not print{#texteditor-backdrop #texteditor-container{padding:0;background-color:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2);box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2)}}/*!
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*
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* IPython notebook
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*
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|
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*
|
||
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|
* IPython notebook webapp
|
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|
*
|
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*/@media (max-width:767px){.notebook_app{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}#ipython-main-app{box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;height:100%}div#notebook_panel{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;height:100%}#notebook{font-size:14px;line-height:20px;overflow-y:hidden;overflow-x:auto;width:100%;padding-top:20px;margin:0;outline:none;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;min-height:100%}@media not print{#notebook-container{padding:15px;background-color:#fff;min-height:0;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2);box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2)}}div.ui-widget-content{border:1px solid #ababab;outline:none}pre.dialog{background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:2px;padding:.4em;padding-left:2em}p.dialog{padding:.2em}pre,code,kbd,samp{white-space:pre-wrap}#fonttest{font-family:monospace}p{margin-bottom:0}.end_space{min-height:100px;transition:height .2s ease}.notebook_app #header{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2);box-shadow:0 0 12px 1px rgba(87,87,87,0.2)}@media not print{.notebook_app{background-color:#eee}}.celltoolbar{border:thin solid #cfcfcf;border-bottom:none;background:#eee;border-radius:2px 2px 0 0;width:100%;height:29px;padding-right:4px;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-align:stretch;display:-moz-box;-moz-box-orient:horizontal;-moz-box-align:stretch;display:box;box-orient:horizontal;box-align:stretch;display:flex;flex-direction:row;align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-pack:end;-moz-box-pack:end;box-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}@media print{.celltoolbar{display:none}}.ctb_hideshow{display:none;vertical-align:bottom}.ctb_global_show .ctb_show.ctb_hideshow{display:block}.ctb_global_show .ctb_show+.input_area,.ctb_global_show .ctb_show+div.text_cell_input,.ctb_global_show .ctb_show~div.text_cell_render{border-top-right-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:0}.ctb_global_show .ctb_show~div.text_cell_render{border:1px solid #cfcfcf}.celltoolbar{font-size:87%;padding-top:3px}.celltoolbar select{display:block;width:100%;height:32px;padding:6px 12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#555;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.075);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.075);-webkit-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s, box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;-o-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s, box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s, box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;height:30px;padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;border-radius:1px;width:inherit;font-size:inherit;height:22px;padding:0;display:inline-block}.celltoolbar select:focus{border-color:#66afe9;outline:0;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6)}.celltoolbar select::-moz-placeholder{color:#999;opacity:1}.celltoolbar select:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#999}.celltoolbar select::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999}.celltoolbar select[disabled],.celltoolbar select[readonly],fieldset[disabled] .celltoolbar select{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:#eee;opacity:1}textarea.celltoolbar select{height:auto}select.celltoolbar select{height:30px;line-height:30px}textarea.celltoolbar select,select[multiple].celltoolbar select{height:auto}.celltoolbar label{margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px}.completions{position:absolute;z-index:10;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid #ababab;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 6px 10px -1px #adadad;box-shadow:0 6px 10px -1px #adadad}.completions select{background:white;outline:none;border:none;padding:0;margin:0;overflow:auto;font-family:monospace;font-size:110%;color:#000;width:auto}.completions select option.context{color:#286090}#kernel_logo_widget{float:right !important;float:right}#kernel_logo_widget .current_kernel_logo{display:none;margin-top:-1px;margin-bottom:-1px;wid
|
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</style>
|
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<style type="text/css">
|
||
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.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
|
||
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.highlight { background: #f8f8f8; }
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.highlight .c1 { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
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.highlight .cs { color: #408080; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Special */
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.highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
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.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
|
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.highlight .gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
|
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.highlight .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
|
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.highlight .gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
|
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.highlight .go { color: #888888 } /* Generic.Output */
|
||
|
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.highlight .gp { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
|
||
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.highlight .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
|
||
|
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.highlight .gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
|
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.highlight .gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
|
||
|
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.highlight .kc { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
|
||
|
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.highlight .kd { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .kn { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
|
||
|
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.highlight .kp { color: #008000 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
|
||
|
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.highlight .kr { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .kt { color: #B00040 } /* Keyword.Type */
|
||
|
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.highlight .m { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .s { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .na { color: #7D9029 } /* Name.Attribute */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .nb { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .nc { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .no { color: #880000 } /* Name.Constant */
|
||
|
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.highlight .nd { color: #AA22FF } /* Name.Decorator */
|
||
|
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.highlight .ni { color: #999999; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
|
||
|
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.highlight .ne { color: #D2413A; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .nf { color: #0000FF } /* Name.Function */
|
||
|
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.highlight .nl { color: #A0A000 } /* Name.Label */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .nn { color: #0000FF; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .nt { color: #008000; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
|
||
|
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.highlight .nv { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .ow { color: #AA22FF; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .mb { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
|
||
|
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.highlight .mf { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .mh { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .mi { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .mo { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .sb { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .sc { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Char */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .sd { color: #BA2121; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .s2 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Double */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .se { color: #BB6622; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .sh { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .si { color: #BB6688; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .sx { color: #008000 } /* Literal.String.Other */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .sr { color: #BB6688 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .s1 { color: #BA2121 } /* Literal.String.Single */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .ss { color: #19177C } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .bp { color: #008000 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .vc { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Class */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .vg { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Global */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .vi { color: #19177C } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
|
||
|
|
.highlight .il { color: #666666 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
|
||
|
|
</style>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
||
|
|
/* Overrides of notebook CSS for static HTML export */
|
||
|
|
body {
|
||
|
|
overflow: visible;
|
||
|
|
padding: 8px;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
div#notebook {
|
||
|
|
overflow: visible;
|
||
|
|
border-top: none;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@media print {
|
||
|
|
div.cell {
|
||
|
|
display: block;
|
||
|
|
page-break-inside: avoid;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
div.output_wrapper {
|
||
|
|
display: block;
|
||
|
|
page-break-inside: avoid;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
div.output {
|
||
|
|
display: block;
|
||
|
|
page-break-inside: avoid;
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
</style>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- Custom stylesheet, it must be in the same directory as the html file -->
|
||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="custom.css">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- Loading mathjax macro -->
|
||
|
|
<!-- Load mathjax -->
|
||
|
|
<script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML"></script>
|
||
|
|
<!-- MathJax configuration -->
|
||
|
|
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
|
||
|
|
MathJax.Hub.Config({
|
||
|
|
tex2jax: {
|
||
|
|
inlineMath: [ ['$','$'], ["\\(","\\)"] ],
|
||
|
|
displayMath: [ ['$$','$$'], ["\\[","\\]"] ],
|
||
|
|
processEscapes: true,
|
||
|
|
processEnvironments: true
|
||
|
|
},
|
||
|
|
// Center justify equations in code and markdown cells. Elsewhere
|
||
|
|
// we use CSS to left justify single line equations in code cells.
|
||
|
|
displayAlign: 'center',
|
||
|
|
"HTML-CSS": {
|
||
|
|
styles: {'.MathJax_Display': {"margin": 0}},
|
||
|
|
linebreaks: { automatic: true }
|
||
|
|
}
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
</script>
|
||
|
|
<!-- End of mathjax configuration -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</head>
|
||
|
|
<body>
|
||
|
|
<div tabindex="-1" id="notebook" class="border-box-sizing">
|
||
|
|
<div class="container" id="notebook-container">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<h1 id="Découverte-de-Python">Découverte de Python<a class="anchor-link" href="#Découverte-de-Python">¶</a></h1><p>Dans ce cours autour de la programmation Python et de l'algorithmie, nous verons beaucoup de petits morceaux de programmes.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Il est vivement recommander de ne pas faire <strong>que</strong> les questions poser mais aussi d'<strong>expérimenter</strong> par soi même.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="Base-de-Python-et-Spyder">Base de Python et Spyder<a class="anchor-link" href="#Base-de-Python-et-Spyder">¶</a></h2><p>Dans les encadrés, on peut lancer des commandes Python et écrire des petits programmes.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>La touche <strong>F5</strong> ou l'icône en triangle vert permet d'executer tout le programme écrit dans la partie de droite.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [1]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'Boujour'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_wrapper">
|
||
|
|
<div class="output">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
|
||
|
|
<pre>Boujour
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Modifier la commande précédente pour qu'elle n'affiche plus bonjour mais votre nom puis executer cette commande.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<p>Il est possible d'afficher plusieurs messages:</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
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<div class="input">
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [2]:</div>
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="input_area">
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"bonjour"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'monde'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
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</div>
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<div class="output">
|
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<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
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<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
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<pre>bonjour
|
||
|
|
monde
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
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</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
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</div>
|
||
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
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|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><p>Modifier le programme précédent pour qu'il affiche:</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Bonjour</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>tous</p>
|
||
|
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<p>le</p>
|
||
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<p>monde</p>
|
||
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
|
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
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<div class="inner_cell">
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
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<p>Les commandes commençant par un dièze, ne seront pas executées. On appelle cela des commentaires. Nous les utiliserons pour expliquer ce que l'on fait.</p>
|
||
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|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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</div>
|
||
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</div>
|
||
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
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||
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<div class="input">
|
||
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [7]:</div>
|
||
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<div class="inner_cell">
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||
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<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="c"># la commande suivante affiche Bonjour</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'bonjour'</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="c"># Quand on veut afficher quelque chose, on utilisera la commande print()</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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|
||
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<div class="output_wrapper">
|
||
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<div class="output">
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
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<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
|
||
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<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
|
||
|
|
<pre>bonjour
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
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||
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
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<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="Les-variables">Les variables<a class="anchor-link" href="#Les-variables">¶</a></h2><p>Les variables sont des <em>enveloppes</em> où l'on stockera des nombres, des mots, des phrases ou des choses plus compliqués.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [4]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="n">un_nombre</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
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|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<p>Ainsi dans <em>l'enveloppe</em> appelée <strong>un_nombre</strong> on y met le nombre 10.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>C'est ce que l'on appelle <strong>assigner</strong> une <strong>valeur</strong> à une variable ou <strong>stocker</strong> une valeur dans une variable.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [5]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="n">un_nombre</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">un_nombre</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_wrapper">
|
||
|
|
<div class="output">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
|
||
|
|
<pre>10
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Modifier le programme précédent pour stocker 2 dans <strong>un_nombre</strong> puis l'arrficher.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<p>Pour stocker des mots ou des phrases, il faut les mettre entre guillemets</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [6]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="n">un_mot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"Coucou"</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">une_phrase</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"ceci est une phrase"</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Modifier le programme précédent pour changer le contenu des variables puis ajouter deux lignes pour afficher ce que contiennent ces variables (avec la commande <strong>print</strong>).</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="Opérations">Opérations<a class="anchor-link" href="#Opérations">¶</a></h2><p>Un ordinateur ne sais <strong>que</strong> calculer. On peut donc lui faire faire toutes les opérations classiques</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [13]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">5</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_wrapper">
|
||
|
|
<div class="output">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
|
||
|
|
<pre>5
|
||
|
|
21
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<p>Ces simples calculs ne sont pas très interessants. La programmation devient réellement efficace quand on travail non plus avec des nombres que l'on définit par avance mais avec des nombres stockés dans des variables.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [17]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="c"># On définit 3 variables</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [18]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="c"># On peut afficher des calculs avec elles</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_wrapper">
|
||
|
|
<div class="output">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
|
||
|
|
<pre>20
|
||
|
|
120
|
||
|
|
50.666666666666664
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing code_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [20]:</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="input_area">
|
||
|
|
<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="c"># On peut aussi stocker le résultat d'un calcul dans une variables</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">d</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">b</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_wrapper">
|
||
|
|
<div class="output">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_area"><div class="prompt"></div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="output_subarea output_stream output_stdout output_text">
|
||
|
|
<pre>13
|
||
|
|
3
|
||
|
|
4
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="cell border-box-sizing text_cell rendered">
|
||
|
|
<div class="prompt input_prompt">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
<div class="inner_cell">
|
||
|
|
<div class="text_cell_render border-box-sizing rendered_html">
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Modifier les valeurs initiales de <em>a</em>, <em>b</em> et <em>c</em> puis executer les 3 blocks.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><p>Écrire un programme avec une variable <strong>age</strong> qui affiche</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Bonjour, j'ai <strong>age</strong> ans.</p>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
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<h2 id="Exercice-avec-les-suites">Exercice avec les suites<a class="anchor-link" href="#Exercice-avec-les-suites">¶</a></h2><p>Nous allons commencer à voir comment utiliser un programme pour calculer les permiers termes d'une suite.</p>
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<p>Soit $u_n$ la suite définie par
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$$u_0 = 100$$
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et
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$$ u_{n+1} = 0.4u_n + 10$$
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On veut calculer $u_3$</p>
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [22]:</div>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="c"># Premiere valeur de la suite (initialisation): u0</span>
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<span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">100</span>
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<span class="c"># On lui applique la relation de récurrence pour avoir la deuxième valeur u1</span>
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<span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">10</span>
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<span class="c"># On recommence jusqu'à atteindre u3</span>
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<span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">10</span>
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<span class="n">u</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">10</span>
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<span class="c"># On affiche la valeur obtenue</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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<pre>22.0
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</pre>
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<ul>
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<li><p>Modifier le programme précédent pour calculer $u_5$</p>
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</li>
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<li><p>Rreprendre le programme précédent pour calculer $v_5$ pour la suite $v_n$ définie par
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$$v_0 = 10$$
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et
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$$ u_{n+1} = 5u_n -3$$</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="Boucles">Boucles<a class="anchor-link" href="#Boucles">¶</a></h2><p>Le problème c'est que si l'on veut calculer $u_{100}$, il faudra recopier un grand nombre de fois la formule de récurence ce qui n'est pas très astucieux...</p>
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<p>Pour éviter d'avoir à recopier plusieurs fois la même chose. Quand il a des répétitions à faire, nous utilisons des <strong>boucles</strong>.</p>
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<p>Pour faire des boucles on utilise l'instruction <em>for</em></p>
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [7]:</div>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"bonjour"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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</pre></div>
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<pre>bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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bonjour
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</pre>
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<p>La fonction <strong>range</strong> va enumérer les nombres de 0 jusqu'à la valeur entre parenthèses.</p>
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<ul>
|
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|
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<li>Transformer le programme pour qu'il repète 20 fois le mot bonjour</li>
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<li>Remplacer "bonjour" par i pour voir les valeurs prises par i</li>
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</ul>
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<p>On remarquera qu'à la fin de la ligne <strong>for</strong>, il y a deux points puis que ce qui doit être répété est indenté (avec la touche <strong>tab</strong>).</p>
|
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|
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<p>Dans l'exemple suivant nous allons faire plusieurs choses dans la boucle.</p>
|
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<div class="prompt input_prompt">In [8]:</div>
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<div class=" highlight hl-ipython3"><pre><span class="n">un_mot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">"bonjour"</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">un_nombre</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">un_mot</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="n">un_nombre</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">un_nombre</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"fin de la boucle"</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">un_nombre</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
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||
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</div>
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||
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<pre>0
|
||
|
|
bonjour
|
||
|
|
1
|
||
|
|
bonjour
|
||
|
|
2
|
||
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bonjour
|
||
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3
|
||
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bonjour
|
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4
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bonjour
|
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5
|
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bonjour
|
||
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6
|
||
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bonjour
|
||
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7
|
||
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bonjour
|
||
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8
|
||
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bonjour
|
||
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9
|
||
|
|
bonjour
|
||
|
|
fin de la boucle
|
||
|
|
12
|
||
|
|
</pre>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
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|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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</div>
|
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</div>
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|
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|
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<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Recopier le programme précédent puis l'adapter pour calculer $u_{100}$</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
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</div>
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|
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<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Écrire un programme qui calcule le n-ième terme de la suite $(w_n)$ définie par
|
||
|
|
$$w_0 = 3$$
|
||
|
|
et
|
||
|
|
$$w_{n+1} = -2w_n + 2$$</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
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</div>
|
||
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||
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|
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<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Écrire un programme qui calcule le n-ième terme de la suite $(t_n)$ définie par
|
||
|
|
$$t_0 = 1$$
|
||
|
|
et
|
||
|
|
$$ t_{n+1} = t_n^{n} + 1$$</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Écrire un programme qui calcule la somme des n premiers termes de la suite $(w_n)$</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
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|
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|
||
|
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</pre></div>
|
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