feat(2nd): séquence sur les évolutions
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2nd/04_Evolutions/1B_evolution.pdf
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2nd/04_Evolutions/1B_evolution.pdf
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\author{Benjamin Bertrand}
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\title{Évolution - Cours}
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\date{Septembre 2022}
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\date{octobre 2025}
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\pagestyle{empty}
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2nd/04_Evolutions/2B_evolution.pdf
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2nd/04_Evolutions/2B_evolution.pdf
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\author{Benjamin Bertrand}
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\title{Évolution - Cours}
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\date{Septembre 2022}
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\date{Octobre 2025}
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\pagestyle{empty}
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\end{exercise}
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\begin{solution}
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\begin{multicols}{3}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item $80 \times (1 + \dfrac{5}{100}) = 84$
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\item $80 000 \times (1 + \dfrac{16}{100}) = 208 000$
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\item $130 \times (1 + \dfrac{-20}{100}) = 104$
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{multicols}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Augmentation de 5\%}
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On calcule la nouvelle taille avec le coefficient multiplicateur :
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\[80 \times \left(1 + \dfrac{5}{100}\right) = 80 \times 1,05 = 84\text{cm}\]
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L'arbre mesure 84cm un an après la plantation.
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\item \textbf{Progression de 160\%}
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On applique le coefficient multiplicateur :
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\[80\,000 \times \left(1 + \dfrac{160}{100}\right) = 80\,000 \times 2,6 = 208\,000\text{\euro}\]
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Les bénéfices en 2022 sont de 208\,000\euro.
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\item \textbf{Réduction de 20\%}
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On calcule le nouveau prix :
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\[130 \times \left(1 - \dfrac{20}{100}\right) = 130 \times 0,8 = 104\text{\euro}\]
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Le nouveau prix de la robe est de 104\euro.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{solution}
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\begin{exercise}[subtitle={Conversion taux d'évolution et coefficient multiplicateur}, step={1}, origin={Ma tête}, topics={ Information chiffrée 1 }, tags={ Proportion }, mode={\trainMode}]
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\end{exercise}
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\begin{solution}
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\begin{tabular}{|*{4}{p{4cm}|}}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{|*{4}{p{4cm}|}}
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\hline
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Valeur initiale & Taux d'évolution & coefficient multiplicateur & Valeur finale \\
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\hline
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100 & $+10\%$ & 1.1 & 110\\
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100 & $+10\%$ & $1 + \frac{10}{100} = 1,1$ & $100 \times 1,1 = 110$\\
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\hline
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200 & $+50\%$ & 1.5 & 300\\
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200 & $+50\%$ & $1 + \frac{50}{100} = 1,5$ & $200 \times 1,5 = 300$\\
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\hline
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100 & $-10\%$ & 0.9 & 90 \\
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100 & $-10\%$ & $1 - \frac{10}{100} = 0,9$ & $100 \times 0,9 = 90$ \\
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\hline
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60 & $-90\%$ & 0.1 & 6\\
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60 & $-90\%$ & $1 - \frac{90}{100} = 0,1$ & $60 \times 0,1 = 6$\\
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\hline
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45 & $+200\%$ & 3 & 135\\
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45 & $+200\%$ & $1 + \frac{200}{100} = 3$ & $45 \times 3 = 135$\\
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\hline
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10 & $+30\%$ & $1.3$ & 13\\
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10 & $1,3 - 1 = 0,3 = +30\%$ & $1,3$ & $10 \times 1,3 = 13$\\
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\hline
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550 & $-40\%$ & $0.6$ & 330\\
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550 & $0,6 - 1 = -0,4 = -40\%$ & $0,6$ & $550 \times 0,6 = 330$\\
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\hline
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35 & $-80\%$ & $0.2$ & 7\\
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35 & $0,2 - 1 = -0,8 = -80\%$ & $0,2$ & $35 \times 0,2 = 7$\\
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\hline
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20 & $+150\%$ & $2.5$ & 50\\
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20 & $2,5 - 1 = 1,5 = +150\%$ & $2,5$ & $20 \times 2,5 = 50$\\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{solution}
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\begin{exercise}[subtitle={Retrouver une réductions}, step={2}, origin={Inspiré par Dan Meyer}, topics={ Information chiffrée 1 }, tags={ Proportion }, mode={\searchMode}]
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\begin{solution}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Variation absolue
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\item \textbf{Évolution du SMIC}
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\underline{Variation absolue:} La variation absolue correspond à la différence entre les deux valeurs.
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\[
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v_f - v_i = 9.88 - 9.76 = 0.12
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v_f - v_i = 9,88 - 9,76 = 0,12\text{\euro}
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\]
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Variation relative
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Le SMIC a augmenté de 0,12\euro.
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\smallskip
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\underline{Variation relative (taux d'évolution):} Le taux d'évolution se calcule par :
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\[
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\frac{v_f - v_i}{v_i} = \frac{9.88 - 9.76}{9.76} = 0.012295 \approx 1,23%
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t = \frac{v_f - v_i}{v_i} = \frac{9,88 - 9,76}{9,76} = \frac{0,12}{9,76} \approx 1,23\%
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\]
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\item
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Le SMIC a augmenté de 1,23\% entre 2017 et 2018.
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\item \textbf{Évolution du nombre d'abonnés}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Variation absolue
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\item \underline{Variation absolue:}
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\[
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5.4 - 6.3 = -0.9
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v_f - v_i = 5,4 - 6,3 = -0,9\text{ millier}
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\]
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\item Évolution en pourcentage
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Le nombre d'abonnés a diminué de 900 abonnés (ou 0,9 millier).
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\item \underline{Évolution en pourcentage:}
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\[
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\frac{5.4-6.3}{6.3} = -0.142857 \approx -14.3\%
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t = \frac{v_f - v_i}{v_i} = \frac{5,4-6,3}{6,3} = \frac{-0,9}{6,3} \approx -14,3\%
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\]
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Le nombre d'abonnés a diminué de 14,3\%.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{solution}
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\end{exercise}
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\begin{solution}
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{|*{4}{p{4cm}|}}
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\hline
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Valeur initiale & Taux d'évolution & coefficient multiplicateur & Valeur finale \\
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\hline
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100 & -20\% & 0.8 & 80\\
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100 & $\frac{80}{100} - 1 = -0,2 = -20\%$ & $\frac{80}{100} = 0,8$ & 80\\
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\hline
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200 & -25\% & 0.75 & 150\\
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200 & $\frac{150}{200} - 1 = -0,25 = -25\%$ & $\frac{150}{200} = 0,75$ & 150\\
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\hline
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100 & +50\% & 1.5 & 150\\
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100 & $\frac{150}{100} - 1 = 0,5 = +50\%$ & $\frac{150}{100} = 1,5$ & 150\\
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\hline
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60 & +233\% & $\approx3.33$ & 200\\
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60 & $\frac{200}{60} - 1 \approx 2,33 = +233\%$ & $\frac{200}{60} \approx 3,33$ & 200\\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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\end{solution}
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\begin{exercise}[subtitle={Choisir le bon outil}, step={3}, origin={Pris de partout}, topics={ Information chiffrée 1 }, tags={ Proportion }, mode={\trainMode}]
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\end{exercise}
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\begin{solution}
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Les solutions suivantes ne sont pas rédigées et les unités n'ont pas été précisées.
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\begin{multicols}{2}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item $140 \times \frac{10}{100} = 14$
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\item $\frac{155}{577} = 0.268631 \approx 26,9\%$
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\item $28\times (1 - \frac{10}{100}) = 25.2$
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\item $\frac{14}{0.4} = 35$
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\item $\frac{25}{0.6} \approx 42$
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\item $30 \times 0.33 = 10$
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\item $607 \times \frac{3}{4} = 455.25$
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\item $\frac{810984000 - 22779400}{22779400} = 2 = 200\%$
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\item $\frac{100}{\frac{1}{4}} = 100 \times 4 = 400$
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\item $\frac{100 - 57}{57} = 0.754386 = \approx 75\%$
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\item $1340 \times 0.05 = 67$
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\item $1600 \times (1 + \frac{15}{100}) = 1840$
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\item $\frac{50}{105} \approx 0.48 = 48\%$
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\item $\frac{130}{1123} \approx 0.116 = 11.6\%$
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\item $450 \times \frac{35}{100} = 157.5$
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\item $120 \times (1 + \frac{140}{100}) = 288$
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\item $\frac{53300000 - 600000}{600000} = 87.833333 = 878\%$
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{multicols}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Calcul d'une proportion : $140 \times \dfrac{10}{100} = 14$ candidats admis.
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\item Proportion : $\dfrac{155}{577} \approx 0,269 = 26,9\%$ de femmes.
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\item Évolution (baisse) : $28 \times \left(1 - \dfrac{10}{100}\right) = 28 \times 0,9 = 25,2$\euro.
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\item Retrouver le total : $\dfrac{14}{0,4} = 35$ élèves.
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\item Retrouver le total : $\dfrac{25}{0,6} \approx 41,67 \approx 42$ martins pêcheurs.
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\item Calcul d'une proportion : $30 \times 0,33 = 9,9 \approx 10$ fruits pourris.
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\item Proportion (trois quarts) : $607 \times \dfrac{3}{4} = 455,25 \approx 455$ appartements.
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\item Taux d'évolution : $\dfrac{810\,984\,000 - 227\,794\,000}{227\,794\,000} = \dfrac{583\,190\,000}{227\,794\,000} \approx 2.56 = 256\%$.
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\item Retrouver le total : $\dfrac{11}{\frac{1}{4}} = 11 \times 4 = 44$ voitures.
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\item Taux d'évolution : $\dfrac{100 - 57}{57} \approx 0.754 = 75,4\%$.
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\item Non-conifères (5\%) : $1340 \times 0,05 = 67$ arbres.
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\item Évolution (augmentation) : $1600 \times \left(1 + \dfrac{15}{100}\right) = 1600 \times 1,15 = 1840$\euro.
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\item Proportion : $\dfrac{50}{40+50+15} = \dfrac{50}{105} \approx 0,476 = 47,6\%$ de poules à chair.
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\item Proportion : $\dfrac{130}{1123} \approx 0,116 = 11,6\%$ d'élèves en terminale générale.
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\item Calcul d'une proportion : $450 \times \dfrac{35}{100} = 157,5$g de matière grasse.
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\item Évolution (augmentation) : $120 \times \left(1 + \dfrac{140}{100}\right) = 120 \times 2,4 = 288$ bactéries.
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\item Taux d'évolution : $\dfrac{53\,300\,000 - 600\,000}{600\,000} = \dfrac{52\,700\,000}{600\,000} \approx 87.83 = 8783\%$.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{solution}
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Savoir-faire de la séquence
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\begin{itemize}
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\item
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\item Évolution : variation absolue, variation relative.
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\item Exploiter la relation entre deux valeurs successives et leur taux d’évolution.
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\end{itemize}
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\bigskip
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\section{Appliquer une évolution}
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Ordre des étapes à respecter
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\listsectionexercises
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\section{Calculer un taux d'évolution}
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\section{}
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\listsectionexercises
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\section{On mélange tout}
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\listsectionexercises
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\pagebreak
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\bigskip
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\hline
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\input{exercises.tex}
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\printcollection{banque}
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2nd/04_Evolutions/solutions.pdf
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