Feat: Début de la séquence sur l'inférence Bayésienne
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/1B_notation.pdf
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/1B_notation.pdf
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/1B_notation.tex
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/1B_notation.tex
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\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
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\usepackage{myXsim}
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\author{Benjamin Bertrand}
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\title{Probabilités conditionnelles - Cours}
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\date{Mars 2021}
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\pagestyle{empty}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\section{Notations}
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\subsection*{Les ensembles}
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Soit $E$ un ensemble et $A$ et $B$ deux sous ensemble de $E$.
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[ scale=0.6 ]{./fig/ensembles}
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\end{center}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item \textbf{Complémentaire de $A$} contient tous les éléments qui n'ont pas les caractéristiques de $A$.
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[ scale=0.6 ]{./fig/Abar}
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\end{center}
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\item \textbf{Intersection de $A$ et $B$} contient tous les éléments qui ont les caractéristiques de $A$ \textbf{ET} de $B$.
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[ scale=0.6 ]{./fig/inter}
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\end{center}
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\item \textbf{Union de $A$ et $B$} contient tous les éléments qui ont les caractéristiques de $A$ \textbf{OU} de $B$.
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[ scale=0.6 ]{./fig/union}
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\end{center}
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\end{itemize}
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\pagebreak
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\subsection*{Les probabilités}
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\begin{definition}{Probabilités conditionnelles}
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Soit $A$ et $B$ deux ensembles d'un population totale $E$ avec $A$ un ensemble non vide.
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Probabilités de l'évènement $A$
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\[
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P(A) = \frac{\mbox{Effectif de $A$}}{\mbox{Effectif total}}
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\]
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\item Probabilités de l'évènement $B$ sachant $A$
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\[
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P_A(B) = \frac{\mbox{Effectif des éléments qui sont dans $A$ et $B$}}{\mbox{Effectifs des éléments qui sont dans $A$}}
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\]
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\begin{center}
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\includegraphics[ scale=0.6 ]{./fig/condi_A}
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\end{cente}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{definition}
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\paragraph{Exemple}~\\
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\begin{minipage}{0.5\linewidth}
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\begin{tabular}{|*{4}{c|}}
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\hline
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& Homme & Femme & Total \\
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\hline
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Employé & 10 & 15 & 25 \\
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\hline
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Vacataire & 14 & 17 & 31 \\
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\hline
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Total & 24 & 32 & 56 \\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{minipage}
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\begin{minipage}{0.5\linewidth}
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On note
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\[
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A = \left\{ \mbox{Homme} \right\} \qquad
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\]
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\[
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B = \left\{ \mbox{Employé} \right\} \qquad
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\]
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\end{minipage}
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\bigskip
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On choisit au hasard une personne de cette entreprise.
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\[
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P(A) =
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\]
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Interprétation:
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\[
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P_A(B) =
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\]
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Interprétation:
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\bigskip
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\afaire{}
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\end{document}
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\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
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\usepackage{myXsim}
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\author{Benjamin Bertrand}
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\title{Probabilités conditionnelles - Cours}
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\date{février 2021}
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\DeclareExerciseCollection{banque}
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\xsimsetup{
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step=1,
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}
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\begin{document}
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\input{exercises.tex}
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\printcollection{banque}
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\vfill
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\end{document}
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/exercises.tex
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/exercises.tex
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\collectexercises{banque}
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\begin{exercise}[subtitle={Vrai-Faux}, step={1}, origin={Création}, topics={Probabilités conditionnelles}, tags={probabilité, simulation}]
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Dans le tableau ci-dessous, on a trier les élèves en fonction de leur note au bac et au bac blanc.
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\begin{center}
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\begin{tabular}{|>{\columncolor{highlightbg}}c|*{2}{p{4cm}|}|p{4cm}|}
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\hline
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\rowcolor{highlightbg}
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Bac \backslash Bac Blanc & Moins de la moyenne & Plus de moyenne & Total\\
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\hline
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Moins de la moyenne & 30 & 300 & 60\\
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\hline
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Plus de la moyenne & 20 & 70 & 90\\
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\hline
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Total & 50 & 100 & 150\\
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\hline
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\end{tabular}
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\end{center}
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On choisit au hasard un jeune parmi ceux interrogés. On note $A = \left\{ \mbox{Plus de la moyenne au bac blanc} \right\}$ et $B = \left\{ \mbox{Moins de la moyenne au bac blanc} \right\}$.
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Pour chacune des phrases suivantes, justifier si elles sont vraies ou fausses.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item La probabilité qu'un élève ait plus de moyenne au bac blanc est supérieur à 30\%.
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\item La probabilité qu'il ait la moyenne au bac blanc mais pas au au bac est de moins de 0.1.
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\item La probabilité qu'il n'ait pas la moyenne au bac et pas la moyenne au bac blanc est de $\frac{1}{5}$.
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\item La probabilité qu'il ait la moyenne au bac blanc ou au bac est de plus de 70\%.
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\item La probabilité qu'un élève qui a eu la moyenne au bac blanc ait ensuite la moyenne au bac est de 0.6.
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\item La probabilité qu'un élève qui n'a pas eu la moyenne au bac blanc ne l'ait toujours pas au bac est de 50\%.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{exercise}
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\begin{exercise}[subtitle={Moyen de paiement}, step={1}, origin={Création}, topics={Probabilités conditionnelles}, tags={probabilité, simulation}]
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Le gérant d'une grande enseigne de distribution a commandé une étude statistique des moyens de paiement de ses clients. Les résultats ont été représenté dans l'arbre ci-dessous.
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\bigskip
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\begin{tikzpicture}[sloped]
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\node {.}
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child {node {Moins de 20\euro}
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child {node {Espèce}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.6}
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}
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child[missing] {}
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child {node {Paiement sans contact}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.3}
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}
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child[missing] {}
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child {node {Carte bleu}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.1}
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}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.4}
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}
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child[missing] {}
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child[missing] {}
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child[missing] {}
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child[missing] {}
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child[missing] {}
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child { node {Plus de 20\euro}
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child {node {Espèce}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.4}
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}
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child[missing] {}
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child {node {Paiement sans contact}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.1}
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}
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child[missing] {}
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child {node {Carte bleu}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.5}
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}
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edge from parent
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node[above] {0.6}
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} ;
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\bigskip
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On sélectionne un client de cette enseigne au hasard. On note
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\[
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M = \left\{ \mbox{ Moins de 20\euro } \right\} \qquad E = \left\{ \mbox{ Espèce }\right\} \qquad B = \left\{ \mbox{ carte bleu }\right\}
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\]
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Pour chacune des phrases suivantes, justifier si elles sont vraies ou fausses.
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item La probabilité qu'un client achète pour plus de 20\euro est de 0.6.
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\item Si l'achat est de moins de 20\euro, il y a une probabilité de 10\% qu'il soit fait en paiement sans contact.
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\item Si les achats sont de plus de 20\euro, la probabilité qu'il ait été fait avec de l'espèce est de 0.4.
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\item La probabilité qu'un achat soit de plus de 20\euro et payé avec une carte bleu est de 90\%.
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\item La probabilité qu'un achat soit de moins de 20\euro et payé avec une carte bleu est de 0.2.
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\item La probabilité qu'un achat soit de moins de 20\euro et payé avec de l'espère est de 1.
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\item La probabilité ait été payé avec le paiement sans contact est de 72\%.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{exercise}
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\collectexercisesstop{banque}
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Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/fig/condi_A.png
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BIN
Complementaire/02_Inference_Baysienne/fig/inter.png
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@ -13,8 +13,16 @@ Inférence Bayésienne
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
Vrai/faux sur des données représentées sous forme d'un tableau puis d'un arbre
|
Vrai/faux sur des données représentées sous forme d'un tableau puis d'un arbre
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. image:: ./1E_probabilite_conditionnelle.pdf
|
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|
:height: 200px
|
||||||
|
:alt: Vrai/Faux sur un tableau et un arbre
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Bilan: Notations ensemblistes et calculs de probabilités.
|
Bilan: Notations ensemblistes et calculs de probabilités.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. image:: ./1B_notation.pdf
|
||||||
|
:height: 200px
|
||||||
|
:alt: Bilan sur les notations ensemblistes et les calculs de probabilités
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Étape 2: Étonnement sur les tests
|
Étape 2: Étonnement sur les tests
|
||||||
=================================
|
=================================
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user